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Abstract

The most important and the most frequently used plastics are polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP). They are characterised with high heating values (approximately 40 MJ/kg). Moreover, their chemical composition, based mainly on carbon and hydrogen, allows to use them in industrial processes. One of the methods of utilisation of plastic waste can be its use in the metallurgical industry. This paper presents results of thermal decomposition of waste PE/PP. Chemical and thermal analysis (TG) of studied wastes was carried out. Evolved gaseous products from the decomposition of wastes were indentified using mass spectrometry (TG-MS). This paper also presents an application of plastic wastes as supplemental fuel in blast furnace processes (as a substitute for coke) and as an addition in processes of coking coal.

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Authors and Affiliations

Monika Kuźnia
Aneta Magdziarz
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Abstract

This work presents two-dimensional numerical investigations of fast pyrolysis of red oak in a free fall reactor. The Euler–Lagrange approach of multiphase flow theory was proposed in order to describe the behaviour of solid particles in the gaseous domain. The main goal of this study was to examine the impact of the flow rate of inert gas on the pyrolysis process. Calculation domain of the reactor was made according to data found in the literature review. Volume flow rates were 3, 9, 18, and 25 l/min, respectively. Nitrogen was selected as an inert gas. Biomass pyrolysis was conducted at 550 deg C with a constant mass flow rate of biomass particles equal to 1 kg/h. A parallel multistage reaction mechanism was applied for the thermal conversion of red oak particles. The composition of biomass was represented by three main pseudo-components: cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The received products of pyrolysis were designated into three groups: solid residue (char and unreacted particles), primary tars and noncondensable gases. In this work the impact of the volume flow rate on the heating time of solid particle, temperature distribution, yields and char mass fraction has been analysed. The numerical solutions were verified according to the literature results when the flow of nitrogen was set at 18 l/min. The calculated results showed that biomass particles could be heated for longer when the flow rate of nitrogen was reduced, allowing for a greater concentration of volatile matter.
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Authors and Affiliations

Artur Bieniek
1
Wojciech Jerzak
1
Aneta Magdziarz
1

  1. AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
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Abstract

Waste disposal is imposed by the European Union under Treaty of Accession concerning waste management order. One of the waste disposal methods is thermal utilisation. The paper presents an investigation of sewage sludge briquettes used as a fuel in combustion process. The research study was carried out on samples taken from the Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant in Bochnia. Briquettes with lime were formed. The analysis of the elementary chemical composition of municipal sewage sludge, the composition of the ash and thermogravimetric analysis were carried out. The results indicate that the prepared briquettes had sufficient fuel properties.

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Authors and Affiliations

Aneta Magdziarz
Małgorzata Wilk
Bogdan Kosturkiewicz
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Abstract

This paper presents possibilities for of numerical modelling of biomass combustion in a commercially available boiler. A sample of biomass was tested with respect to its physical and chemical properties. Thermogravimetry studies of biomass were carried out. Computer simulation makes it possible to analyse complex phenomena which are otherwise difficult to observe. The aim of this work was to model biomass combustion to predict the amount of pollutants generated (NOx, CO, SO2) in the exhaust gases coming out from boilers The calculations were made using the CHEMKIN program. Results of calculations were performed taking into account the influence of temperature, pressure and residence time.

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Authors and Affiliations

Aneta Magdziarz
Małgorzata Wilk
Monika Zajemska
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Abstract

Dust generated at an electric arc furnace during steel production industry is still not a solved problem. Electric arc furnace dust (EAF) is a hazardous solid waste. Sintering of well-prepared briquetted mixtures in a shaft furnace is one of possible methods of EAFD utilisation. Simultaneously some metal oxides from exhaust gases can be separated. In this way, various metals are obtained, particularly zinc is recovered. As a result, zinc-free briquettes are received with high iron content which can be used in the steelmaking process. The purpose of the research was selecting the appropriate chemical composition of briquettes of the required strength and coke content necessary for the reduction of zinc oxide in a shaft furnace. Based on the results of the research the composition of the briquettes was selected. The best binder hydrated lime and sugar molasses and the range of proper moisture of mixture to receive briquettes of high mechanical strength were also chosen and tested. Additionally, in order to determine the thermal stability for the selected mixtures for briquetting thermal analysis was performed. A technological line of briquetting was developed to apply in a steelworks.

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Authors and Affiliations

Aneta Magdziarz
Monika Kuźnia
Michał Bembenek
Paweł Gara
Marek Hryniewicz
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Abstract

The paper aims to confirm the syngas application as a reburning fuel to reduce e.g. NO emission during natural gas combustion. The main aim of this modelling work was to predict pollutants generated in the exhaust gases and to indicate the influence of the syngas on the natural gas combustion process. The effect of residence time of fuel-air mixture was also been performed. Calculations were made with CHEMIKN-PRO for reburning process using syngas. The boundary conditions of the reburning process were based on experimental investigations. The addition of 5, 10, 15 and 19% of reburning fuel into natural gas combustion was studied. The effects of 0.001 to 10 s of residence time and the addition of 5, 10, and 15% of syngas on combustion products were determined. The performed numerical tests confirmed that co-combustion of the natural gas with syngas (obtained from sewage sludge gasification) in the reburning process is an efficient method of NOx reduction by c.a. 50%. Syngas produced from sewage sludge can be utilised as a reburning fuel.

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Authors and Affiliations

Małgorzata Wilk
Aneta Magdziarz
Monika Zajemska
Monika Kuźnia

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