The geodetic law defines fundamentals of the prospective land information system. Construction of an information system may be based upon difTerent designing assumptions. The purpose of this article is to outline the problems connected with the construction of information systems and presentation of the basis of land information systems designing using object bases. The article presents the elementary characteristics of systems currently in use and the advantages of object solutions. The suggested application of object bases to the construction of land information systems will be backed up by simple examples connected with the construction of an object model.

In GIS systems, the neighbourhood of areas within an analysed region is a term applied usually to raster-screened data. The aim of the study was to adapt this term to vector and descriptive data as well as to systemize models of so defined neighbourhood. The starting point was the assumption that the basic area neighbourhood model may be based on spatial data illustrated with a graph and described with a neighbourhood matrix. It provides the basis for building subsequent models, that are linked with the introduction of new neighbourhood measures, i.e. measures resulting from the characteristics of areas entered in tables of their attributes. Based on the proposed models, spatial analysis related to area neighbourhood can be performed and aggregate models, considered essential in multidimensional analysis of neighbourhood can be developed.

The objective of the present study was to develop a method for automatic identification of boundaries of maximal complexes on the basis of boundary points of subcomplexes. According 10 the method proposed, regions are to be presented by means of geometric cyclic digraphs. The data on these digraphs are to be recorded in a neighbourhood matrix. The matrix notation, containing supplementary data, provides information sufficient to determine complexes according to the criteria adopted. The paper presents simple algorithms for data processing, enabling to detect data inconsistency.

There are international organizations for preparation variety of standards. In ISO organization TC 211 group elaborates standards for geographic information system creation. Its works are observed by national working groups interested in those topics. European normalization committee CENffC 287 worked about it too. Basing on international standards Polish Standard Committee (PKN) has undertaken works on applicable schemes to standardize notion scheme for data of geographic. In this paper critical opinion of geometric description of geographic data in space scheme spread by PKN on chosen elements of data modelling is presented. It is illustrated by chosen examples of data modeling.