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Abstract

This paper presents a novel method of waveform generation in a single-sheet tester (SST) for measuring core losses and permeability in a steel sheet. Some improvements and modifications of the apparatus are also described. The improved way of working of a SST is important, especially in the extended range of polarization (up to 1.9 T). The system consists of hardware and software. Everything together was tested and has given good results. The proposed algorithm is described and compared to previously known methods.
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Authors and Affiliations

Tomasz Lerch
1
ORCID: ORCID
Michał Rad
1
ORCID: ORCID
Witold Rams
1

  1. Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatics, Computer Science, and Biomedical Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
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Abstract

More and more street lighting deployments use LED technology as a light source. Unfortunately, the new technology also brings some challenges with it that remain unnoticed until installed at scale. This article presents issues related to capacitive reactive power consumed by LED luminaires. The problem is even more profound if the luminaire is dimmed, because it consumes capacitive reactive power, which is very undesirable in the power system. Countermeasures in terms of reactive power compensation for a luminaire working with variable power and their effects are also presented. The article also contains the results of the harmonic analysis of the LED luminaires current for full power and dimmed operation.
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Bibliography

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[6] B.A. Portnov, R. Saad and T. Trop, “Interactive Scenario-Based Assessment Approach of Urban Street Lighting and Its Application to Estimating Energy Saving Benefits,” Energies 14, no. 2: 378. DOI: 10.3390/en14020378.
[7] Ł. Kosicki and D. Typańska, “Badanie odkształceń prądów i napięć generowanych przez oprawy z diodami LED,” Poznan university of technology academic journals, Electrical Engineering 2017, 92, 215-226.
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[9] A. Djuretic and M. Kostic, “Actual energy savings when replacing high-pressure sodium with LED luminaires in street lighting,” Energy 2018, vol. 157, pp. 367–378. DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2018.05.179
[10] T. Lerch, M. Rad and I. Wojnicki, "Selected power quality issues of LED street lighting," 2020 12th International Conference and Exhibition on Electrical Power Quality and Utilisation- (EPQU), Cracow, Poland, 2020, pp. 1-4, DOI: 10.1109/EPQU50182.2020.9220310.
[11] F. A. Karim, M. Ramdhani and E. Kurniawan, "Low pass filter installation for reducing harmonic current emissions from LED lamps based on EMC standard," 2016 International Conference on Control, Electronics, Renewable Energy and Communications (ICCEREC), Bandung, 2016, pp. 132-135, DOI: 10.1109/ICCEREC.2016.7814966.
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[13] D. Vieira, R. A. Shayani and M. A. G. de Oliveira, "Reactive Power Billing Under Nonsinusoidal Conditions for Low-Voltage Systems," in IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 66, no. 8, pp. 2004-2011, Aug. 2017, DOI: 10.1109/TIM.2017.2673058.
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[16] IEC 61000-3-2 – “Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 3-2: Limits – Limits for harmonic current emissions (equipment input current ≤ 16 A per phase),” 2019
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[18] IEEE 519-1992 - IEEE “Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electrical Power Systems,” 1993.
[19] S. Ernst, L. Kotulski, T. Lerch, M. Rad, A. Sȩdziwy and I. Wojnicki “Calculating Reactive Power Compensation for Large-Scale Street Lighting”, Computational Science – ICCS 2020. Amsterdam, June 2020, vol 12138. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-50417-5_40.
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Authors and Affiliations

Tomasz Lerch
1
ORCID: ORCID
Michał Rad
1
ORCID: ORCID
Igor Wojnicki
1

  1. AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland
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Abstract

Unintentional islanding detection is one the mandatory criterion that must be met by PV inverters before connecting them into the grid. Acceptable time for inverter for islanding detection is less than 2 seconds. In this paper voltage parameters after islanding occurrence and before turning off the inverter are analyzed. In order to simulate islanding state and perform measurements the testing system was build. Three different commercial PV inverters were tested. Measured signals were used to calculate voltage envelope, phasor, frequency and ROCOF. Collected data proved to be helpful to compere different inverters.
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Bibliography

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[5] S. Barczentewicz, T. Lerch, A. Bień, K. Duda, “Laboratory Evaluation of a Phasor-Based Islanding Detection Method”. Energies. 2021; 14(7):1953. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14071953
[6] IEEE 15471-2020 „Standard Conformance Test Procedures for Equipment Interconnecting Distributed Energy Resources with Electric Power Systems and Associated Interfaces”
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[8] Z. Lin, T. Xia, Y. Ye, Y. Zhang, L. Chen, Y. Liu, K. Tomsovic, T. Bilke, F. Wen, “Application of wide area measurement systems to islanding detection of bulk power systems.” IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 2013, 28, 2006–2015, https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2013.2250531
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[13] D. Sivadas, K. Vasudevan, “An Active Islanding Detection Strategy with Zero Non detection Zone for Operation in Single and Multiple Inverter Mode Using GPS Synchronized Pattern.” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 2020, 67, 5554–5564, https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2019.2931231
[14] M. Ropp, E. Aaker, K. Haigh, J. Sabbah, “Using power line carrier communication to prevent islanding”. IEEE Photovolt. Spec. Conf. 2002, 1675–1678, https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2000.916224
[15] X. Wilson, Z. Guibin, L. Chun, W. Wencong, W. Guangzhu, K. A Jacek, “Power line signaling based technique for anti-islanding protection of distributed generators-Part I: Sheme and analysis.”, IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. 2007, 22, 1758–1766, https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2007.899618
[16] Z. Ye, R. Walling, L. Garces, R. Zhou, L. Li, T. Wang, “Study and Development of Anti-Islanding Control. for Grid-Connected Inverters”; Nat. Renew. Energy Lab.: Golden, CO, USA, May 2004, NREL/ SR-560-36243.
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Authors and Affiliations

Szymon Henryk Barczentewicz
1
Tomasz Lerch
1
ORCID: ORCID
Andrzej Bień
1

  1. AGH University of Science and Technology, Poland

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