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Abstract

The conversion of a waste heat energy to electricity is now becoming one of the key points to improve the energy efficiency in a process engineering. However, large losses of a low-temperature thermal energy are also present in power engineering. One of such sources of waste heat in power plants are exhaust gases at the outlet of boilers. Through usage of a waste heat regeneration system it is possible to attain a heat rate of approximately 200 MWth, under about 90°C, for a supercritical power block of 900 MWelfuelled by a lignite. In the article, we propose to use the waste heat to improve thermal efficiency of the Szewalski binary vapour cycle. The Szewalski binary vapour cycle provides steam as the working fluid in a high temperature part of the cycle, while another fluid – organic working fluid – as the working substance substituting conventional steam over the temperature range represented by the low pressure steam expansion. In order to define in detail the efficiency of energy conversion at various stages of the proposed cycle the exergy analysis was performed. The steam cycle for reference conditions, the Szewalski binary vapour cycle as well as the Szewalski hierarchic vapour cycle cooperating with a system of waste heat recovery have been comprised.
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Authors and Affiliations

Paweł Ziółkowski
Janusz Badur
Tomasz Kowalczyk
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Abstract

The usage of wet methods for flue gas dedusting from coalfired boilers is associated with significant heat losses and water resources. Widespread emulsifiers of the first and second generation are satisfactory in terms of flue gas cleaning efficiency (up to 99.5%), but at the same time do not create conditions for deeper waste heat recovery, leading to lowering the temperature of gases. Therefore, in the paper, an innovative modernization, including installing an additional economizer in front of the scrubber (emulsifier) is proposed, as part of the flue gas passes through a parallel bag filter. At the outlet of the emulsifier and the bag filter, the gases are mixed in a suitable ratio, whereby the gas mixture entering the stack does not create conditions for condensation processes in the stack.
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Bibliography

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[13] Buchta J., Oziemski A.: Flue gas heat recovery in high efficient coal-fired power plant. In: Proc. 20th Int. Sci. Conf. on Electric Power Engineering (EPE), May 15-17, 2019, Kouty nad Desnou, 1–6.
[14] Szulc P., Tietze T.: Recovery and energy use of flue gas from a coal power plant. J. Power Technol. 97(2017), 135–141.
[15] Stevanovic V.D., Petrovic M.M.,Wala T., Milivojevic S., Ilic M., Muszynski S.: Efficiency and power upgrade at the aged lignite-fired power plant by flue gas waste heat utilization: High pressure versus low pressure economizer installation. Energy 187(2019), 115980.
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[18] Xu G., Xu C., Yang Y., Fang Y., Li Y., Song X.: A novel flue gas waste heat recovery system for coal-fired ultra-supercritical power plants. Appl. Therm. Eng. 67(2014), 240–249.
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[20] Yan M., Zhang L., Shi Y., Zhang L., Li Y., Ma C.: A novel boiler cold-end optimisation system based on bypass flue in coal-fired power plants, Heat recovery from wet flue gas. Energy 152 (2018), 84–94.
[21] Fan C., Pei D., Wei H.: A novel cascade energy utilization to improve efficiency of double reheat cycle. Energy Convers. Manage. 171(2018), 1388–1396.
[22] Yang Y., Xu C., Xu G., Han Y., Fang Y., Zhang D.: A new conceptual cold-end design of boilers for coal fired power plants with waste heat recovery. Energy Convers. Manage. 89(2015), 137–146.
[23] Ziółkowski P., Hyrzynski R., Lemanski M., Kraszewski B., Bykuc S., Głuch S., Sowizdzał A., Pajak L., Wachowicz-Pyzik A., Badur J.: Different design aspects of an organic Rankine cycle turbine for electricity production using a geothermal binary power plant. Energy Convers. Manage. 246(2021), 114672. [24] Mikielewicz D., Wajs J, Ziółkowski P., Mikielewicz J.: Utilisation of waste heat from the power plant by use of the ORC aided with bleed steam and extra source of heat. Energy 97(2016), 11–19.
[25] Huang S., Li Ch., Tan T., Fu P., Wang L., Yang Y.: Comparative evaluation of integrated waste heat utilization systems for coal-fired power plants based on in-depth boiler-turbine integration and organic rankine cycle. Entropy 20(2018), 2, 89.
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Authors and Affiliations

Iliya Krastev Iliev
1
Tomasz Kowalczyk
2
ORCID: ORCID
Hristo Kvanov Beloev
1
Angel Kostadinov Terziev
3
Krzysztof Jan Jesionek
4
Janusz Badur
2

  1. University of Ruse, Department of Thermotechnics, Hydraulics and Environmental Engineering, Studentska 8, 7017 Ruse, Bulgaria
  2. Energy Conversion Department, Institute of Fluid Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences, Fiszera 14, 80-251 Gdansk, Poland
  3. Technical University of Sofia, Department of Power Engineering and Power Machines, Kliment Ohridski 8, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
  4. Witelon Collegium State University, Faculty of Technical and Economic Science, Sejmowa 5C, 59-220 Legnica, Poland
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Abstract

At present, stormwater management is one of the key issues in urban policy. This is due to the increasing urbanisation, climate change, the growing threat of extreme (weather) events and the need to protect water resources. Legislation plays an essential role in the process of project planning and implementation. The recognition of opportunities and barriers contained in these regulations forms the basis for action by the central government, local authorities and investors. The article aims to analyse legal provisions, administrative decisions and factual circumstances that provide the foundation of administrative court rulings in Poland and regard the legal possibilities of rainwater management in urban areas. The adopted research method allows for/includes the author’s interpretation and formulation of de lege ferenda conclusions. The results of analyses of both European and national legislation and case law indicate that there is a problem with the interpretation of existing legislation and the lack of legal definitions of basic equipment and solutions in the field of water law, for instance. Such legal circumstances make it difficult to make the required legal decisions, and have a negative impact on the timing of implementation and number of these muchneeded projects.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marcin Sobota
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ewa Burszta-Adamiak
2
ORCID: ORCID
Tomasz Kowalczyk
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Environmental Engineering and Geodesy, Grunwaldzka St. 55, 50-357 Wrocław, Poland
  2. Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Environmental Engineering and Geodesy,Grunwaldzka St. 55, 50-357 Wrocław, Poland
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Abstract

The article presents a zero-dimensional mathematical model of a tubular fuel cell and its verification on four experiments. Despite the fact that fuel cells are still rarely used in commercial applications, their use has become increasingly more common. Computational Flow Mechanics codes allow to predict basic parameters of a cell such as current, voltage, combustion composition, exhaust temperature, etc. Precise models are particularly important for a complex energy system, where fuel cells cooperate with gas, gas-steam cycles or ORCs and their thermodynamic parameters affect those systems. The proposed model employs extended Nernst equation to determine the fuel cell voltage and steadystate shifting reaction equilibrium to calculate the exhaust composition. Additionally, the reaction of methane reforming and the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen have been implemented into the model. The numerical simulation results were compared with available experiment results and the differences, with the exception of the Tomlin experiment, are below 5%. It has been proven that the increase in current density lowers the electrical efficiency of SOFCs, hence fuel cells typically work at low current density, with a corresponding efficiency of 45–50% and with a low emission level (zero emissions in case of hydrogen combustion).
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Authors and Affiliations

Janusz Badur
Marcin Lemański
Tomasz Kowalczyk
Paweł Ziółkowski
Sebastian Kornet
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Abstract

The article deals with a current state-of-art of fluid solid interaction (FSI) – the new branch of continuum physics. Fluid-solid interaction is a new quality of modeling physical processes of continuum mechanics, it can be described as the interaction of various (so far treated separately from the point of view of mathematical modeling) physical phenomena occurring in continuous media systems. The most correct is the simultaneous application of the laws of the given physical disciplines, which implies that fluid solid interaction is a subset of multi-physical applications where the interactions between these subsets are exchanged on the surface in interconnected systems. Our purpose is to extend the fluid solid interaction aplications into new phenomena what follow from the industrial needs and inovative thechnologies. Selecting the various approaches, we prefer the arbitraty lagrangean-eulerian description within the bulk of fluid/solid domain and a new sort of advanced boundary condition on a surface of common contact.
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Bibliography

[1] Badur J., Ziółkowski P., Zakrzewski W., Sławinski D., Kornet S., Kowalczyk T., Hernet T., Piotrowski R., Felincjancik J., Ziółkowski P.J.: An advanced thermal-FSI approach to flow heating/coolin. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 530(2014), 340–370.
[2] Kornet S., Ziółkowski P., Józwik P., Ziółkowski P., Stajnke M., Badur J.: Thermal-FSI modeling of flow and heat transfer in a heat exchanger based on minichanels. J. Power Technol. 97(2017), 5, 373–381.
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[8] Bodnar T., Galdi G.P., Necasova S.: Fluid-Structure Interaction and Biomedical Applications. Springer-Verlag, 2014.
[9] Peric D., Dettmer W.G.: A computational strategy for interaction of fluid flow with spatial structures. In: Proc. 5th Int. Conf. on Computational of Shell and Spatial Structures, IASS-IACM, Bochum, 2005.
[10] Ziółkowski P.J., Ochrymiuk T., Eremyev V.: Cont. Mech. Termodyn. 33(2021), 2301–2314.
[11] Ziółkowski P., Badur J.: A theoretical, numerical and experimental verification of the Reynolds thermal transpiration law. Int. J. Numer. Meth. for Heat Fluid Fl. 28(2018), 454–480.
[12] Ziółkowski P, Badur J., Ziółkowski P.J.: An energetic analysis of a gas turbine with regenerative heating using turbine extraction at intermediate pressure-Brayton cycle advanced according to Szewalski’s idea. Energy 185(2019), 763–786.
[13] Badur J., Ziółkowski P., Kornet S., Kowalczyk T., Banas K., Bryk M., Ziółkowski P.J., Stajnke M.: Enhanced energy conversion as a result of fluid-solid interaction in micro-and nanoscale. J. Theor. Appl. Mech. 56(2018), 1, 329–332.
[14] Kowalczyk T, Badur J., Bryk M.: Energy and exergy analysis of hydrogen production combined with electric energy generation in a nuclear cogeneration cycle. Energ. Convers. Manage. 198(2019), 203–224.
[15] Badur J., Bryk M.: Accelerated start-up of the steam turbine by means of controlled cooling steam injection. Energy 184(2019), 334–356.
[16] Bryk M., Kowalczyk T., Ziółkowski P., Badur J.: The thermal effort during marine steam turbine flooding with water. AIP Conf. Proc. 2077(2019), 1, 020009.
[17] Kraszewski B., Bzymek G., Ziółkowski P., Badur J.: Extremal thermal loading of a bifurcation pipe. AIP Conf. Proc. 2077(2019), 1, 020030.
[18] Dudda W., Banaszkiewicz M., Ziółkowski P.J.: Validation plastic model with hardening of St12t. AIP Conf. Proc. 2077(2019), 020016.
[19] Szwaba R., Ochrymiuk T., Lewandowski T., Czerwinska J.: Experimental investigation of microscale effects in perforated plate aerodynamics. J. Fluids Eng. 135(2013), 12.
[20] Badur J., Ziółkowski P., Kowalczyk T., Ziółkowski P.J., Stajnke M., Bryk M., Kraszewski B.: In: Proc. 6th Conf.e on Nano- and Micromechanics, Rzeszów, 3–7 July 2019.
[21] Badur J., Karcz M., Lemanski M., Nastałek L.: Enhancement Transport Phenomena in the Navier-Stokes Shell-like Slip Layer. Computer Model. Eng. Sci. 73(2011), 299–310.
[22] Banas K., Badur J.: Influence of strength differential effect on material effort of a turbine guide vane based on thermoelastoplastic analysis. J. Therm. Stress. 40(2017), 1368–1385.
[23] Kornet S., Badur J.: Infuence of turbulence RANS models on heat transfer coefficients and stress distribution during thermal-FSI analysis of power turbine guide vane of helicopter turbine engine PZL-10W taking into account convergence of heat flux. Prog. Comput. Fluid Dyn. 17(2017), 352–360.
[24] Ziółkowski P., Kowalczyk T., Kornet S., Badur J.: On low-grade waste heat utilization from a supercritical steam power plant using an ORC-bottoming cycle coupled with two sources of heat. Energ. Convers. Manage. 146(2017), 158–173.
[25] Ziółkowski P., Badur J.: On Navier slip and Reynolds transpiration numbers. Arch. Mech. 70(2018), 269–300.
[26] Ziółkowski P., Badur J.: Navier number and transition to turbulence. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 530(2014), 1–8.
[27] Czechowicz K, Badur J, Narkiewicz K.: Two-way FSI modelling of blood flow through CCA accounting on-line medical diagnostics in hypertension. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 530(2014), 1–8.
[28] Badur J., Lemanski M., Kowalczyk T., Ziółkowski P., Kornet P.: Zerodimensional robust model of an SOFC with internal reforming for hybrid energy cycles. Energy 158(2018), 128–138.
[29] Badur J., Ziółkowski P.J., Ziółkowski P.: On the angular velocity slip in nanoflows. Microfluid Nanofluid 19(2015), 191–198.
[30] Badur J., Ziółkowski P., Sławinski D., Kornet S.: An approach for estimation of water wall degradation within pulverized-coal boilers. Energy 92(2015), 142–152.
[31] Felicjancik J., Ziółkowski P., Badur J.: An advanced thermal-FSI approach of an evaporation of air heat pump. Trans. Inst. Fluid-Flow Mach. 129(2015), 111–141.
[32] Badur J., Stajnke M., Ziółkowski P., Józwik P., Bojar Z., Ziółkowski P.J.: Mathematical modeling of hydrogen production performance in thermocatalytic reactor based on the intermetallic phase of Ni3Al. Arch. Thermodyn. 3(2019), 3–26.
[33] Badur J., Ziółkowski P., Kornet S., Stajnke M., Bryk M., Banas K., Ziółkowski P.J.: The effort of the steam turbine caused by a flood wave load. AIP Conf. Proc. 1822(2017), 1, 020001.
[34] Badur J., Bryk M., Ziółkowski P., Sławinski D., Ziółkowski P.J., Kornet S., Stajnke M.: On a comparison of Huber–Mises–Hencky with Burzynski- Pecherski equivalent stresses for glass body during nonstationary thermal load. AIP Conf. Proc. 1822(2017), 1, 020002.
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Authors and Affiliations

Tomasz Ochrymiuk
1
Mariusz Banaszkiewicz
1 2
Marcin Lemański
1 3
Tomasz Kowalczyk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Paweł Ziółkowski
1 4
Piotr J. Ziółkowski
1
Rafał Hyrzyński
1 5
Michał Stajnke
1
Mateusz Bryk
1
Bartosz Kraszewski
1
Sylwia Kruk-Gotzman
1 6
Marcin Froissart
1
Janusz Badur
1

  1. Institute of Fluid Flow Machinery Polish Academy of Science, Fiszera 14, 80-331 Gdansk, Poland
  2. General Electric Power, Stoczniowa 2, 82-300 Elblag, Poland
  3. Anwil Grupa Orlen, Torunska 222, 87-800 Włocławek, Poland
  4. Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
  5. Energa S.A. Grunwaldzka 472, 80-309 Gdansk, Poland
  6. Agencja Rynku Energii, Bobrowiecka 3, 00-728 Warszawa, Poland

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