Aiming to create more sustainable cities it is necessary to understand and manage different ecological factors which influence human health. One of such factors is black carbon (BC) in atmosphere, which currently is not commonly monitored by environmental monitoring systems. The aim of this research was to estimate by indirect approach the relation between eBC (equivalent of black carbon) concentration and other air pollutants in order to define approximate level of eBC in more efficient approach. The study was conducted in Wrocław (Poland) in October 2021, and combined data on eBC concentration (measured by microaethalometer), air quality (from national environmental monitoring system) and traffic (from municipal traffic management system). Quantile regression was used to assess the relationship between the concentrations of pollutants. The obtained results show that for rise 1 mg∙m^–3 of carbon monoxide, eBC concentration rise between 4.2 and 8.0 μg∙m^–3, depending on the period of a day. Precision of eBC concentration evaluation is influenced by sun light which results in higher precision of defining a scaling factor for night hours. Outcomes of this study constitute an added value to understanding of interconnections between different factors describing environmental conditions in cities and might be helpful for more effective environmental assessment of human habitats.

Quantifying and understanding global land use change and its spatial and temporal dynamics is critical to supporting international policy debates. The main area of transformation of spatial structures nowadays are suburban areas of the largest cities. Constant land development and urbanization, including such forms as urban sprawl, influence significant changes in land use. The aim of this study was to analyse a land use change pattern in a selected rural area which is under pressure of spatial development of a regional city. Data used for a land use change detection was based opensource Urban Atlas dataset for 2006, 2012, and 2018, enriched by recent update from 2021 orthophoto map. Spatial analyses presenting statistics of land use change were conducted in QGIS. Besides analysis of land use change, the paper discusses observed spatial patterns also taking into account changing social, environmental and economic conditions and spatial policies influencing land cover complexity. Understanding these dynamics would help better spatial management of real estates for more sustainable land development.

In 2020, an international project on residential lighting started and was implemented in four countries (Poland, Sweden, UK and Turkey). This article presents the results of a survey carried out in Poland, in the winter term between November 2020 and January 2021. A total of 125 Polish residents (59 women, 65 men, one person did not wish to specify gender) participated in the survey. A variety of data was collected on the respondents and their assessments as well as on their satisfaction with day- and artificial lighting in residential living spaces. The results from questionnaires were analyzed with STATISTICA 13.3. Descriptive statistics and Spearman rank order correlations were adopted to identify the light-related aspects, lighting patterns, and respondents’ perception of day- and artificial lighting conditions in living areas. The results revealed that satisfaction with daylighting in the living area, both in summer and winter, was significantly correlated with daylighting level, daylighting uniformity, sunlight exposure and view-out. The results also revealed that satisfaction with artificial lighting was significantly correlated with artificial lighting level, artificial lighting uniformity and color rendering. The results provide valuable information on lighting and factors that influence the luminous environment in residential living spaces.