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Ontology of social being. John Rawls’s theory of justice and political liberalism in the light of Józef M. Bocheński’s theory of systems

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2021 | No 4 | 303-314 | DOI: 10.24425/pfns.2021.138989

Keywords J.M. Bocheński liberalism ontological foundations of political philosophy ontological object ontology of social being political philosophy principles of justice J. Rawls system

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Abstract

The paper attempts to place John Rawls’s social theory in an ontological frame of ideas. Józef M. Bocheński’s theory of systems was chosen to describe social reality without prejudging its role in the adequate theory. By adopting this approach the author presents several issues one by one: the characteristics of political philosophy and its relation to the ontology of social reality, Bocheński’s systems theory, the analysis of the industrial enterprise as a model example of a heterogeneous, dynamic and organic system, and Rawls’s structure of society. All this is done in terms of systems theory. The resulting outcome provides, among other things, a formal definition of Rawls’s basic social structure expressed in the language of systems theory, and it supports the thesis that the synthetic entity responsible for social functioning, such as the state, is correlated with the principles of justice as proposed by Rawls.

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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Janusz Kaczmarek

1

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Uniwersytet Łódzki, Instytut Filozofii, ul. Lindleya 3/5, 90-131 Łódź

Russell’s logical atomism

Janusz Kaczmarek

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2022 | No 4 | 355-366 | DOI: 10.24425/pfns.2022.143868

Keywords fact formal ontology isomorphism logical atomism proposition B. Russell L. Wittgenstein B. Wolniewicz

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Abstract

This paper sets out to characterise and analyse logical atomism of Bertrand Russell. Main tenets of that theory are described by reference to Russell’s lecture Facts and Propositions (1918) and to other publications by that author. The essential claims of Russell’s position are discussed and confronted with tenets of ontology of situations developed by Bogusław Wolniewicz, a position inspired by logical atomism of Ludwig Wittgenstein. The author argues that several of Russell’s theses on logical atomism can be interpreted in the light of Wolniewicz’s ontology of situations. Finally, some minor concluding remarks are offered that can help to develop an ontology conceived in the spirit of the ontology of logical atomism. 366 Janusz Kaczmarek

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Authors and Affiliations

Janusz Kaczmarek

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Uniwersytet Łódzki, Instytut Filozofii, ul. Lindleya 3/5, 90-131 Łódź

Identity and identification of objects (with reference to P.F. Strawson’s ontological/metaphysical ideas)

Janusz Kaczmarek

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2019 | No 4 | 183-198 | DOI: 10.24425/pfns.2019.130915

Keywords object identity object identification P.F. Strawson G.W. Leibniz topological ontology formal ontology g-sorted qualities

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Abstract

In this article I present the problem of identity of objects (that persist in time and space) and their identification (also in time and space, when these objects persist and change their location) indicated in the title of the paper. I therefore present an outline of P.F. Strawson’s proposal, but also a purely formal approach that can be found in formal sciences (logic and mathematics). In the final part I give some ontological solution to Strawson’s research. It is a solution based on formal considerations within the so-called ontologically oriented versions of modal and temporal logics, which I proposed in my book Indywidua. Idee. Pojęcia (2008).

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Authors and Affiliations

Janusz Kaczmarek

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Ideal qualities, properties, tropes. Ingarden’s solution and contemporary solutions

Janusz Kaczmarek

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2020 | No 4 | 205-221 | DOI: 10.24425/pfns.2020.135071

Keywords attribute essential property ideal quality material ontology modus ontology property trope

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In this paper I take up one of the fundamental themes of ontology concerning the proper understanding of such ontological objects as ideal qualities, properties (features) and tropes. These objects, i.e. properties, qualities and tropes, help us understand more fully what an object in itself (substance, being, object) happens to be. The aim of this work is to present Ingarden’s position on this subject, but also to present a certain new formal solution that uses tools of topological ontology. The background for the problems here is to be found in the works of Aristotle, Ch. Wolff and N. Hartmann.

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