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Number of results: 10
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Abstract

The aim of study was to evaluate the richness and distribution of the aquatic macrophytes in ponds. . Studies were carried out in July 2013 and July 2014 on the six largest and oldest ponds (functioning since the First World War) in the Łęczna-Włodawa Lake District – Sosnowica ponds. Studies have shown that despite the fishing use of ponds, they can provide valuable habitat for aquatic plants biodiversity. Distribution of plants in the ponds was typical mosaic. Phytolittoral often developed from one bank to another. Macrophyte beds occupied a significantly large percentage of the studied pond areas. Emergent macrophytes were dominant group of macrophytes in investigated ponds.
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Authors and Affiliations

Joanna Sender
Antoni Grzywna
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Abstract

The study objective was to analyse the number of tourists present in the shore zone and bathing areas of lakes with regard to their tourist carrying capacity and the amount of biogenic substances potentially entering the ecosystem from the beach and bathing areas. The procedures from project between the EU and Poland, in the module “Development of the sanitary supervision of water quality” were used in three categories: physiological substances – sweat and urine; water-soluble and insoluble organic compounds; and biogenic elements – nitrogen and phosphorus. The research was conducted in two model mesotrophic lakes, Piaseczno and Zagłębocze, located in the Łęczna- Włodawa Lakeland (eastern Poland). The data were analysed in reference to biological trophic status indices defining the limnological status of lakes in the summer of 2014 and 2016. Analyses of gross primary production of phytoplankton using the light and dark bottles method and the analysis of chlorophyll a concentration were applied using the laboratory spectrophotometric method. The relatively small number of tourists recorded in the shore zone of both lakes did not exceed their tourist carrying capacity, and their potential contribution of biogenic substances to the lake ecosystems was small. Biological trophic indices for both lakes indicated that they had been continually late- mesotrophic for decades. The amount of biogenic substances directly linked to beach tourism usually has a minor effect on the limnological status of mesotrophic lakes. Due to the specific character of lake ecosystems, however, even small amounts of these substances can contribute to the destabilisation of the biocenotic system.
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Authors and Affiliations

Artur Serafin
1
ORCID: ORCID
Antoni Grzywna
1
ORCID: ORCID
Renata Augustyniak
2
ORCID: ORCID
Urszula Bronowicka-Mielniczuk
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Department of Environmental Engineering and Geodesy, Lublin, Poland
  2. University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Department of Water Protection Engineering and Environmental Microbiology, Olsztyn, Poland
  3. University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer, Głęboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
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Abstract

The purpose of the paper is to analyze the spatial variability of precipitation in Poland in the years 1981–2010. The av-erage annual rainfall was 607 mm. Precipitation in Poland is characterized by high spatial and temporal variability. The lowest annual precipitation was recorded in the central part of the country, where they equaled 500 mm. The highest annual precipitation totals were determined in the south, equaling 970 mm. The average precipitation in the summer half-year is 382 mm (63% of the annual total). On the basis of data from 53 climate stations, maps were made of the spatial distribution of precipitation for the period of the year and winter and summer half-year. The kriging method was used to map rainfall distribution in Poland. In the case study, cross-validation was used to compare the prediction performances of three periods. Kriging, with exponential type of semivariogram, gave the best performance in the statistical sense. Their application is justices especially in areas where landform is very complex. In accordance with the assumptions, the mean prediction error (ME), mean standardized prediction error (MSE), and root mean-square standardized prediction error (RMSSE) values are approximately zero, and root-mean-square prediction error (RMSE) and average standard error (ASE) reach values well below 100.

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Authors and Affiliations

Antoni Grzywna
ORCID: ORCID
Andrzej Bochniak
Agnieszka Ziernicka-Wojtaszek
ORCID: ORCID
Joanna Krużel
Krzysztof Jóźwiakowski
Andrzej Wałęga
Agnieszka Cupak
ORCID: ORCID
Agnieszka Mazur
Radomir Obroślak
Artur Serafin
ORCID: ORCID

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