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Abstract

The term peritonitis is relatively new in medical language, however some of its symptoms were observed and noted even in antiquity. The proper recognition of peritonitis as a distinct pathological entity was made possible when progress in the clinical and experimental sciences give birth to the methodology needed for the investigation of the etiology and mechanism of peritoneal inflammation. Research con-cerning this clinical topic began to yield significant results in the second half of 19th century. This paper aims to give some insight into this pioneering period of scientific investigation focused on the etiology and pathology of peritonitis. From the work of von Recklinghausen in the 1860s, through the later research of Wegner and Gravitz, the next major step in this field was made by the Polish experimental pathologist and pathophysiologist Karol Klecki.
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Bibliography

1. Hau T.: The History of Peritonitis. Acta Chirurgica Austriaca. 2000; 32: 157–161.
2. Hau T.: Biology and treatment of peritonitis: the historic development of current concepts. J Am Coll Surg 1998; 186: 475–484.
3. Recklinghausen F.v.: Zur Fettresorption. Archiv f pathol Anat. 1863; 26: 172–208. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01930770.
4. Wegner G.: Chirurgische Bermekungen über die Peritonealhöle, mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der Ovariotomie. Arch Klin Chir. 1877; 20: 51–145.
5. Curtis B.F.: I. The Pathology of Peritonitis. Ann Surg. 1887; 5 (2): 120–124. doi: 10.1097/00000658-188701000-00026.
6. Dubar L., Remy Ch.: Sur l’absorption par le péritoine. Journal de l’anatomie et de la physiologie normales et pathologiques de l’homme et des animaux. 1882; 18: 60–106, 342–372.
7. Grawitz P.: Statistischer und experimentell-pathologischer Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Peritonitis. Charité-Annalen. 1886; 11: 770–823.
8. Grawitz P.: Beitrag zur Theorie der Eiterung. Virchows Archiv. 1889; 116: 116–153.
9. Guzek J.W.: Karol Klecki (1866–1931). Acta Phisiologica Polonia. 1987; 38: 272–278.
10. Klecki C.: Recherches sur la pathogénie de la péritonite d’origine intestinale; étudo de la virulence du coli bacille. Annales de l’Institut Pasteur. Paris. 1895; 9: 710–735.
11. Laruelle L.: Etude bacteriologique sur les peritonitis par perforation. Le Cellule. 1889; 5: 61–122.
12. Pawlowsky A.D.: Zur Lehre von der Aetiologie, der Entstehungsweise und den Formen der acuten Peritonitis. Virchows Archiv. 1889; 117: 469–530.
13. Barbacci O.: Sulla etiologia e patogenesi delle peritonite da perforatione. Studio anatomico e sperimentale. La Sperimentale. 1893: 4, 15.
14. Malvoz E.: Le bacterium coli commune comme agent habituel des peritonitis d’origine intestinale. Archive de medicine Experimentale et d’anatomie Pathologique. 1891; 3: 593–614.
15. Ziegler P.: Studien ueber die intestiale Form der Peritonitis. Munich 1893. 16. Treves F.: An Address On Some Rudiments Of Intestinal Surgery. BMJ 1898; 2 (1975): 1385–1390. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20256576.
17. Neisser M.: Ueber die Durchgängigkeit der Darmwand für Bakterien. Zeitschr f Hygiene. 1896; 22: 12–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02288370.
18. Weil S.: Die akute freie Peritonitis [in:] E. Payr et al. (eds.) Ergebnisse der Chirurgie und Orthopädie. 1911; 2: 278–357.
19. Lartigau A.J.: The Bacillus Coli Communis in Human Infections. Journal AMA. 1902; 38 (15): 930– 937.
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21. Hertzler A.: The Peritoneum. St Louis: Mosby. 1912; 2: 36.
22. Meleney F.L., Harvey H.D., Jern H.Z.: Peritonitis: I. The Correlation of The Bacteriology of The Peritoneal Exudate and The Clinical Course of The Disease in One Hundred and Six Cases of Peritonitis. Arch Surg. 1931; 22 (1): 1–66.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ryszard W. Gryglewski
1

  1. Department of the History of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College
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Abstract

Outbreaks of typhoid fever for centuries decimated armies, cities and large hosts of people. Discovery of an agent causing such a grave disease became one of the most important achievements of bacteriology — science, which had experienced rapid development in the last quarter of the 19th century and changed the course of our civilization.

The article deals with the discovery of Tadeusz Browicz, Polish anatomopathologist, who in 1874 reported about rod-shaped “parasites” in viscera of typhoid fever victim. His achievement became shaded by the later discoveries of Eberth, Klebs and Gaffky, but as authors stated below, Browicz should be recognized with mentioned scientists as a co-discoverer of the typhoid fever bacillus.

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Authors and Affiliations

Ryszard W. Gryglewski
Michał Chlipała
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Abstract

Prostacyklina i wolny rodnik tlenku azotu to nasi główni obrońcy tętnic przed zakrzepicą i miażdżycą. To nie przypadek, że są związkami bardzo nietrwałymi. Po ,,robocie" muszą jak najszybciej znikać, aby nie rozsadzić chronionego systemu.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ryszard Jerzy Gryglewski

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