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Number of results: 10
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Abstract

The study discusses an experimental method for treatment of high strength domestic sewage on biofilters filled with polyurethane (PUR) waste in the form of trims of upholstery foam. We determined effectiveness of two biological preparations containing effective microorganisms in elimination of organic and biogenic compounds, indicator bacteria and total suspended solids from the sewage pretreated in a septic tank. After four months of work under a hydraulic loading of 76.4 mm∙d -1 we found the filter with 60 cm foam layer to be the most efficient in the elimination of BOD 5, COD Cr, NH 4 +-N and coliform bacteria. An average reduction in these pollutants reached 79.4%, 67.8%, 58.0% and 88.0%, respectively. Vertical filters filled with trims of upholstery foam and supplied with effective microorganisms ensured favorable conditions for development of heterotrophic and nitrifying bacteria without any need for additional aeration.
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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Chmielowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jan Pawełek
1
Ewa Dacewicz
1

  1. University of Agriculture in Kraków, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Land Surveying
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Abstract

The aim of the study was to evaluate the degree of pollution of bottom sediments from small water reservoirs with heavy metals on the basis of geochemical criteria: the enrichment factor and the geo-accumulation index. The investigations concerned sediment from eight small water reservoirs located in the Kielce Highland. Selected heavy metals, including cadmium, chromium, copper, lead and zinc, were determined using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry method. Additionally, particle size distribution and the content of organic matter expressed as loss of ignition were designated. The concentration of heavy metals in sediments was characterized by a great variety. The sediments of Morawica and Rejów show very high and extremely high enrichment in Cr, Zn, Pb and Cd. The values of EF>20 indicate also an extremely high enrichment in Cd of sediments in Mostki. In addition, over 50% of the samples of sediment from Suchedniów, Kaniów, Mostki and Jaśle reservoirs (the value of EF for Cr exceeded 5) indicate a moderately high enrichment of this element. Results of the analysis of the Igeo values indicate that the tested sediments are characterized by moderately high (2<Igeo<3) or high (3<Igeo<4) pollution. The differences in individual enrichment factor and geoaccumulation index values may result in the nature of heavy metals, their pollution loads, as well as speciation forms of trace elements occurrence in sediment-water complex. These findings indicate that the integration of geochemical methods is necessary for an appropriate ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in bottom sediments.

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Authors and Affiliations

Aleksandra Sałata
Łukasz Z. Bąk
Krzysztof Chmielowski
Anna Rabajczyk
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Abstract

The paper presents the results of studies on local resistance coefficients (ζ). The study used pipe aerators with filling made according to the Polish patent PL235924. The hydraulic investigations were performed in real working conditions of a water treatment plant in a testing rig built in the Scientific and Research Water Station of the Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW). The investigation encompassed two plastic pipe aerators of an internal diameter 101.6 and 147.6 mm with steel Białecki rings of 12 and 25 mm in diameter. Measurements of pressure difference (Δp) in the investigated aerators were performed at volumetric water flows ( Q) selected from the range 2–20 m 3∙h –1 with the interval 2 m 3∙s –1. The values of ζ were determined according to the PN-EN 1267:2012 standard. The investigation showed that the ζ depends both on an internal diameter of the plastic pipe aerator and the diameter of Białecki steel rings. The values of ζ increase with a decrease of the internal diameter of the pipe aerator and a decrease of the ring diameter.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marek Kalenik
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marek Chalecki
2
ORCID: ORCID
Piotr Wichowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Adam Kiczko
1
ORCID: ORCID
Krzysztof Chmielowski
3
ORCID: ORCID
Martyna Świętochowska
4
ORCID: ORCID
Joanna Gwoździej-Mazur
4
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Department of Hydraulics and Sanitary Engineering, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
  2. Warsaw University of Life Science – SGGW, Institute of Civil Engineering, Department of Mechanics and Building Structures, Warsaw, Poland
  3. University of Science and Technology in Krakow – AGH, Faculty of Drilling, Oil and Gas, Department of Gas Engineering, Krakow, Poland
  4. Bialystok University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Department of Water Supply and Sewage Systems, Białystok, Poland

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