Porous asphalt has excellent permeability and larger air voids. Due to the low stability strength of asphalt binder with aggregates, Malaysia uses porous asphalt roads for lightweight vehicle road transportation. Numerous studies indicate utilizing Recycled High-Density Polyethylene in porous asphalt road surface. As a result, it was utilised as an additional binder material to enhance the asphalt binder. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the stability of modified porous asphalt samples and evaluate the optimum percentage of HDPE plastic waste from 3%, 6% and 9%. The aggregates, asphalt properties, Marshall Parameters and waster absorption test are in comply with JKR Standard and PWD 2008. At 3% of plastic addition has improved the stability of porous asphalt specimens. Adding plastic waste as a binder helps strengthen asphalt binding.

Due to their potential to lower CO2 emissions linked with the cement and concrete industries, geopolymer binders are a desirable alternative for Portland cement binders. However, if they are to become a viable alternative to conventional Portland cement materials, their resilience in harsh conditions has to be further investigated. This paper presented mechanical and short-term durability properties of metakaolin based geopolymer concrete at sulphuric acid (H2SO4) solutions exposed with the concentrations of 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% for 14 days. (0%) or unexposed sample also prepared as referral and comparison. The geopolymer concretes were synthesized using an alkali activation of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3). The main objective of the study was to examine the durability and deterioration mechanism parameters like different acid percentages, changes in weight, compressive strength, density and water absorption. Morphology analysis also performed in this study. The results indicated that metakaolin geopolymer experienced some strength deterioration with increasing sulphuric concentration solutions which are from 32.58 MPa, 20.67 MPa and 4.25 MPa at unexposed (0%), 2% and 5% sulphuric acid immersion respectively. Furthermore, change in weight or mass loss and water absorption after the chemical attack resulted directly proportional to sulphuric acid concentration due to increment of crack on the sample. Among that, the metakaolin geopolymer submerged in 2% acid gives the optimum results in terms of durability, mechanical and physical qualities.

The performance of adsorbent synthesized by alkali activation of aluminosilicate precursor metakaolin with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) as well as the foaming agent was studied for copper ions adsorption from aqueous solution. This paper investigated the effect of adding hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and aluminium powder as foaming agents to an alkali activated materials slurry. The experimental range included 0.50 wt%, 0.75 wt%, and 1.00 wt% hydrogen peroxide and 0.02 wt%, 0.04 wt%, and 0.06 wt% aluminium powder. A control sample without a foaming agent was also created for comparison. The specific surface area, water absorption, density, compressive strength and microstructure of metakaolin based alkali activated materials were evaluated. The adsorption capability of Cu2+ with addition of hydrogen peroxide and aluminium powder was then tested. Results indicate hydrogen peroxide addition had superior pore size distribution and homogeneous porosity than aluminium powder, implying improved copper ion elimination. Cu2+ adsorption capability reached 98% with 0.75 wt% hydrogen peroxide and 24.6076 m2/g surface area. The results demonstrating that low cost metakaolin-based AAMs are the most effective adsorbent for removing copper ions.