Search results

Filters

  • Journals
  • Authors
  • Keywords
  • Date
  • Type

Search results

Number of results: 1
items per page: 25 50 75
Sort by:
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has influenced virtually all aspects of our lives. Across the world, countries have applied various mitigation strategies, based on social, political, and technological instruments. We postulate that multi-agent systems can provide a common platform to study (and balance) their essential properties. We also show how to obtain a comprehensive list of the properties by “distilling” them from media snippets. Finally, we present a preliminary take on their formal specification, using ideas from multi-agent logics.
Go to article

Bibliography

  1.  A. Soltani, R. Calo, and C. Bergstrom, “Contacttracing apps are not a solution to the COVID-19 crisis,” Brookings Tech Stream, 27 April 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.brookings.edu/techstream/inaccurate-and-insecure-why-contact-tracing-apps-could-be-a-disaster/.
  2.  J. Morley, J. Cowls, M. Taddeo, and L. Floridi, “Ethical guidelines for COVID-19 tracing apps,” Nat. Comment, pp. 29–31, 4 June 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01578-0.
  3.  A. Stollmeyer, M. Schaake, and F. Dignum, “The Dutch tracing app ’soap opera’ – lessons for Europe,” euobserver, 7 May 2020. [Online]. Available: https://euobserver.com/opinion/148265.
  4.  G. Weiss, Ed., Multiagent Systems. A Modern Approach to Distributed Artificial Intelligence. MIT Press: Cambridge, Mass, 1999.
  5.  Y. Shoham and K. Leyton-Brown, Multiagent Systems – Algorithmic, Game-Theoretic, and Logical Foundations. Cambridge University Press, 2009.
  6.  A. Rao and M. Georgeff, “Modeling rational agents within a BDI-architecture,” in Proceedings of KR, 1991, pp. 473–484.
  7.  M.Wooldridge, Reasoning about Rational Agents. MIT Press : Cambridge, Mass, 2000.
  8.  M. Dastani, K. Hindriks, and J. Meyer, Eds., Specification and Verification of Multi-Agent Systems. Springer, 2010.
  9.  W. Jamroga, Logical Methods for Specification and Verification of Multi-Agent Systems. ICS PAS, 2015.
  10.  W. Jamroga, D. Mestel, P.B. Rønne, P.Y.A. Ryan, and M. Skrobot, “A survey of requirements for COVID-19 mitigation strategies. Part I: newspaper clips,” CoRR, vol. abs/2011.07887, 2020.
  11.  A. Lomuscio, H. Qu, and F. Raimondi, “MCMAS: An open-source model checker for the verification of multiagent systems,” Int. J. Software Tools Technol. Trans., vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 9–30, 2017.
  12.  G. Behrmann, A. David, and K. Larsen, “A tutorial on UPPAAL,” in Formal Methods for the Design of Real-Time Systems: SFM-RT, ser. LNCS, no. 3185. Springer, 2004, pp. 200–236.
  13.  G. Kant, A. Laarman, J. Meijer, J. van de Pol, S. Blom, and T. van Dijk, “LTSmin: High-performance languageindependent model checking,” in Proceedings of TACAS, ser. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 9035. Springer, 2015, pp. 692–707.
  14.  D. Kurpiewski, W. Jamroga, and M. Knapik, “STV: Model checking for strategies under imperfect information,” in Proceedings of AAMAS. IFAAMAS, 2019, pp. 2372–2374.
  15.  S. Woodhams, “COVID-19 digital rights tracker,” Top10VPN, 10 June 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.top10vpn.com/research/ covid-19-digital-rights-tracker/.
  16.  AFP, “Major finding: Lockdowns averted 3 million deaths in 11 European nations: study,” RTL Today, 9 June 2020. [Online]. Available: https://today.rtl.lu/news/science-and-environment/a/ 1530963.html.
  17.  I. Ilves, “Why are Google and Apple dictating how European democracies fight coronavirus?” The Guardian, 16 June 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/jun/16/google-apple-dictating-european-democracies-coronavirus.
  18.  “NHS COVID-19: the new contact-tracing app from the NHS,” NCSC, 14 May 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/ information/nhs-covid-19-app-explainer.
  19.  J. Steinhauer and A. Goodnough, “Contact tracing is failing in many states. Here’s why.” New York Times, 5 October 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/31/health/covid-contact-tracing-tests.html.
  20.  S. Bicheno, “Unlike France, Germany decides to do smartphone contact tracing the Apple/Google way,” telecoms.com, 27 April 2020. [Online]. Available: https://telecoms.com/503931/unlike-france-germany-de cides-to-do-smartphone-contact-tracing-the-apple-goo gle- way/.
  21.  “Together we can fight coronavirus — Smittestopp,” helsenorge, 28 April 2020. [Online]. Available: https://helsenorge.no/coronavirus/ smittestopp?redirect=false.
  22.  P.H. O’Neill, T. Ryan-Mosley, and B. Johnson, “A flood of coronavirus apps are tracking us. now it’s time to keep track of them,” MIT Technol. Rev., 7 May 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/05/07/1000961/launching-mittr-covid-tracing- tracker/.
  23.  M. Zastrow, “Coronavirus contact-tracing apps: can they slow the spread of COVID-19?” Nature (Technol. Feature), 19 May 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01514-2.
  24.  J. Taylor, “How did the Covidsafe app go from being vital to almost irrelevant?” The Guardian, 23 May 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/24/how-did-the-covidsafe-app-go-from-being-vital-to-almost-irrelevant.
  25.  D. Robertson, “Transparency key to uptake of coronavirus tracing app,” RMIT news, 27-April 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www. rmit.edu.au/news/all-news/2020/april/transparency-key-to-uptake-of-coronavirus-traci ng-app.
  26.  D. Tahir and C. Lima, “Google and Apple’s rules for virus tracking apps sow division among states,” Politico, 10 June 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.politico.com/news/2020/06/10/google-and-apples-rules-for-virus-tracking-apps-sow-division-among-states-312199.
  27.  A. Clarance, “Aarogya Setu: Why India’s Covid-19 contact tracing app is controversial,” BBC News, 15 May 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-52659520.
  28.  J. Davies, “UK snubs Google and Apple privacy warning for contact tracing app,” telecoms.com, 28 April 2020. [Online]. Available: https://telecoms.com/503967/uk-s nubs-google-and-apple-privacy-warning-for-contact-tr acing-app/.
  29.  A. Eisenberg, “Privacy fears threaten New York City’s coronavirus tracing efforts,” Politico, 4 June 2020. [Online]. Available: https:// www.politico.com/states/new-york/albany/story/2020/06/04/privacy-fears-threaten-new-york-citys-coronavirus-tracing-efforts-1290657.
  30.  C. Timberg, “Most Americans are not willing or able to use an app tracking coronavirus infections. that’s a problem for Big Tech’s plan to slow the pandemic,” Washington Post, 29 April 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/04/ 29/ most-americans-are-not-willing-or-able-use-an-app-tracking-coronavirus-infections-thats-problem-big-tec hs-plan-slow-pandemic/.
  31.  M. Burgess, “Just how anonymous is the NHS Covid-19 contact tracing app?” Wired, 12 May 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www. wired.co.uk/article/nhs-covid-app-data-anonymous.
  32.  “Getting it right: States struggle with contact tracing push,” Politico, 17 May 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.politico.com/ news/2020/05/17/privacy-coronavirus-tracing-261369.
  33.  S.L. Frasier, “Coronavirus antibody tests have a mathematical pitfall,” Sci. Am., 1 July 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www. scientificamerican.com/article/coronavirus-antibody-tests- have-a-mathematical-pitfall/.
  34.  M. Scott and Z. Wanat, “Poland’s coronavirus app offers playbook for other governments,” Politico, 2 April 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.politico.eu/article/poland-coronavirus-app-offers-playbook-for-other-governments/.
  35.  K. McCarthy, “UK finds itself almost alone with centralized virus contact-tracing app that probably won’t work well, asks for your location, may be illegal,” The Register, 5 May 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.theregister.com/2020/05/05/uk_coronavirus_app/.
  36.  “Legal advice on smartphone contact tracing published,” matrix chambers, 3 May 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.matrixlaw.co.uk/ news/legal-advice-on-smartphone-contact-tracing-published/.
  37.  A. Hern, “UK abandons contact-tracing app for Apple and Google model,” The Guardian, 18 June 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www. theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/18/uk-poised-to-abandon-coronavirus-app-in-favour-of-apple-and-google-models.
  38.  “Coronavirus: Member States agree on an interoperability solution for mobile tracing and warning apps,” European Commission – Press release, 16 June 2020. [Online]. Available: https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/coronavirus-member-states-agree-interoperability- solution-mobile-tracing-and-warning-apps.
  39.  A. Oslo, “Norway suspends virus-tracing app due to privacy concerns,” The Guardian, 15 June 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www. theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/15/norway-suspends-virus-tracing-app-due-to-privacy-concerns.
  40.  S. Wodinsky, “The UK’s contact-tracing app breaks the UK’s own privacy laws (and is just plain broken),” Gizmodo, 13 May 2020. [Online]. Available: https://gizmodo.com/the-uk-s-contact-tracing-app-breaks-the-uk-s-own-privac-1843439962.
  41.  R. Garthwaite and I. Anderson, “Coronavirus: Alarm over ’invasive’ Kuwait and Bahrain contact-tracing apps,” BBC News, 16 June 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-53052395.
  42.  “Coronavirus privacy: Are South Korea’s alerts too revealing?” BBC News, 5 March 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.bbc.com/ news/amp/world-asia-51733145.
  43.  K. Szymielewicz, A. Obem, and T. Zieliński, “Jak Polska walczy z koronawirusem i dlaczego aplikacja nas przed nim nie ochroni [How Poland fights the corona, and why the app won’t protect us]?” Panoptykon, 5 May 2020. [Online]. Available: https://panoptykon.org/ protego-safe-ryzyka.
  44.  J.-M. Bezat, “L’application StopCovid, activée seulement par 2% de la population, connaît des débuts décevants,” Le Monde, 10 June 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.lemonde.fr/pixels/article/2020/06/10/l-application-stopcovid-connait-des-debuts- decevants_6042404_4408996.html.
  45.  P.H. O’Neill, “No, coronavirus apps don’t need 60% adoption to be effective,” MIT Technol. Rev., 5 June 2020. [Online]. Available: https:// www.technologyreview.com/2020/06/05/1002775/covid-apps-effective-at-less-than-60-percent-download/.
  46.  R. Hinch et al., “Effective configurations of a digital contact tracing app: A report to NHSX,” Oxford University, Tech. Rep., 2020. [Online]. Available: https://github.com/BDI-pathogens/covid-19_instant_tracing/blob/master/Report-EffectiveConfigurationsofaDigitalC ontactTracingApp.pdf.
  47.  “Corona-app soll open source werden,” Süddeutsche Zeitung, 6 May 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.sueddeutsche.de/digital/ corona-app-tracing-open-source-1.4899711.
  48.  “Cybernetica proposes privacy-preserving decentralised architecture for COVID-19 mobile application for Estonia,” Cybernetica, 6 May 2020. [Online]. Available: https://cyber.ee/news/2020/05-06/.
  49.  E. Emerson, “Temporal and modal logic,” in Handbook of Theoretical Computer Science, J. van Leeuwen, Ed. Elsevier, 1990, vol. B, pp. 995–1072.
  50.  R. Fagin, J.Y. Halpern, Y. Moses, and M.Y. Vardi, Reasoning about Knowledge. MIT Press, 1995.
  51.  J. Broersen, M. Dastani, Z. Huang, and L. van der Torre, “The BOID architecture: conflicts between beliefs, obligations, intentions and desires,” in Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Autonomous Agents. ACM Press, 2001, pp. 9–16.
  52.  R. Alur, T.A. Henzinger, and O. Kupferman, “Alternating-time Temporal Logic,” J. ACM, vol. 49, pp. 672–713, 2002.
  53.  N. Bulling, V. Goranko, andW. Jamroga, “Logics for reasoning about strategic abilities in multi-player games,” in Models of Strategic Reasoning. Logics, Games, and Communities, ser. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, 2015, vol. 8972, pp. 93–136.
  54.  F. Laroussinie and P. Schnoebelen, “A hierarchy of temporal logics with past,” Theoretical Computer Science, vol. 148, no. 2, pp. 303–324, 1995.
  55.  W. Penczek and A. Polrola, Advances in Verification of Time Petri Nets and Timed Automata: A Temporal Logic Approach, ser. Studies in Computational Intelligence. Springer, 2006, vol. 20.
  56.  M. Knapik, É. André, L. Petrucci, W. Jamroga, and W. Penczek, “Timed ATL: forget memory, just count,” J. Artif. Intell., vol. 66, pp. 197–223, 2019.
  57.  W. Jamroga, V. Malvone, and A. Murano, “Natural strategic ability,” Artif. Intell., vol. 277, 2019.
  58.  N. Alechina, B. Logan, H. Nguyen, and A. Rakib, “Resource-bounded alternating-time temporal logic,” in Proceedings of International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS), 2010, pp. 481–488.
  59.  N. Bulling and B. Farwer, “Expressing properties of resource-bounded systems: The logics RTL* and RTL,” in Proceedings of CLIMA, ser. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 6214, 2010, pp. 22–45.
  60.  C. Baier and M. Z. Kwiatkowska, “Model checking for a probabilistic branching time logic with fairness,” Distributed Comput., vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 125–155, 1998.
  61.  T. Chen, V. Forejt, M. Kwiatkowska, D. Parker, and A. Simaitis, “PRISM-games: A model checker for stochastic multi-player games,” in Proceedings of TACAS, ser. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 7795. Springer, 2013, pp. 185–191.
  62.  M. Kwiatkowska, G. Norman, and D. Parker, “PRISM: probabilistic symbolic model checker,” in Proceedings of TOOLS, ser. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2324. Springer, 2002, pp. 200–204.
  63.  N.M. Ferguson et al., “Impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to reduce COVID-19 mortality and healthcare demand,” Imperial College London, Tech. Rep. 9 (16‒03‒2020), 2020.
  64.  B. Adamik et al., “Estimation of the severeness rate, death rate, household attack rate and the total number of COVID-19 cases based on 16 115 Polish surveillance records,” Prepr. Lancet, 2020.
  65.  W. Bock et al., “Mitigation and herd immunity strategy for COVID-19 is likely to fail,” medRxiv, 2020.
  66.  R. McCabe et al., “Modelling ICU capacity under different epidemiological scenarios of the COVID-19 pandemic in three western European countries,” Imperial College London, Tech. Rep. 36 (16‒11‒2020), 2020.
  67.  S. Zionts, “A multiple criteria method for choosing among discrete alternatives,” Eur. J. Oper. Res., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 143–147, 1981, fourth EURO III Special Issue.
  68.  Y. Collette and P. Siarry, Multiobjective Optimization: Principles and Case Studies. Springer, 2004.
  69.  R. Radulescu, P. Mannion, D. M. Roijers, and A. Nowé, “Multi-objective multi-agent decision making: a utilitybased analysis and survey,” Auton. Agents Multi-Agent Syst., vol. 34, no. 1, p. 10, 2020.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Wojciech Jamroga
1 2
David Mestel
1
Peter B. Roenne
1
Peter Y.A. Ryan
1
Marjan Skrobot
1

  1. Interdisciplinary Centre on Security, Reliability and Trust, SnT, University of Luxembourg
  2. Institute of Computer Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Jana Kazimierza 5, 01-248 Warsaw, Poland

This page uses 'cookies'. Learn more