Multilayered materials give a range of possibilities with regard to control of their properties through selection of layers’ materials, their thickness and the layout of layers. This research is focused on examining the behaviour of three-layer material with perforated sheet as the inner layer during the stretching and drawing process. Four remove tests were carried out: Erichsen, Engelhardt-Gross, Fukui and cup drawing test. Mechanical properties and weld quality were also determined. Sheets with four perforations were used: Po2s3, Po2s4, Po2s10 and Po2s30, which corresponds to the open area values of 34.9%, 19.6%, 3.1% and 0.35%.

The effects of supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) on the characteristics and internal structure of synthetic aggregate made from ground granulated blast furnace slag are investigated in this study (GGBS). Due to its high pozzolanic activity, GGBS was shown to be superior to other SCM materials, enhancing both the strength and durability of synthetic aggregate. Because sintering uses a lot of energy and generates a lot of pollutants, using a cold-bonded approach to make low density lightweight aggregates is particularly significant from an economic and environmental standpoint. Thus, the utilisation of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) as a substitute material in the production of green artificial lightweight aggregate (GLA) using the cold bonding method was discussed in this work. Admixtures of ADVA Cast 203 and Hydrogen Peroxide were utilised to improve the quality of GLA at various molar ratios. The freshly extracted GLA was then evaluated for specific gravity, water absorption, aggregate impact, and aggregate crushing in order to determine the optimal proportion blend. As a result, the overall findings offer great application potential in the development of concrete (GCLA). It has been determined that aggregates with a toughness of 14.6% and a hardness of 15.9% are robust. The compressive strength test found that the GCLA has a high strength lightweight concrete of 37.19 MPa and a density of 1845.74 kg/m3. The porous features developed inside the internal structure of GLA have led to GCLA’s less weight compared to conventional concrete.