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Solidification/Stabilization Treatment for organic oil immobilization in Algerian Petroleum Drill Cuttings: Optimization and Acceptance Tests for Landfilling

Abbas Hadj Abbas Abidi Saad Aissa Mohamed Khodja Farad Sagala Messaoud Hacini
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2022 | 48 | 2 | 95-105 | DOI: 10.24425/aep.2022.140770
Keywords compressive strength, Portland cement, solidification/stabilization, drill cuttings, drill cuttings, Total Petroleumdrill Hydrocarbon (TPH)
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Abstract

Hassi Messaoud oil field is one of the most important fields in Algeria and the world, because it covers an important quantity of total Crude Oil Production in Algeria. Furthermore, two-thirds of this oil field is underexplored or not explored. Therefore, the drilling process of petroleum wells in this field is a continuous process that results in significant drilling waste. This implies that enormous noxious quantities of drilling waste are produced daily that require treatment via solidification/stabilization (S/S) process before being landfilled. These types of wastes have pollution concentration that significantly exceeds the safety standards. In this study, we focus on the factors affecting the solidification/stabilization treatment of the drill cuttings obtained from Hassi Messaoud oil field and the process optimization. The solidification/stabilization is performed using the cement as binder, and sand, silicate, organophilic clay and activated carbon as additives.The study has been divided into two steps: (i) Determining the optimum ratio of each element used in the S/S process for the organic element (hydrocarbon) elimination, (ii) Combining the optimum ratios found in the previous step to determine the optimal mixture. The obtained results in the first step showed that the optimum ratio for the cement-to-drill cuttings mass ratio is 0.09:1. For the additives-to-drill cuttings mass ratios are 0.04:1, 0.006:1, 0.013:1 and 0.013:1 for the sand, sodium silicate, organophilic clay and activated carbon, respectively. An optimum formula is found whose main finding shows that the hydrocarbon content of our sample is dropped from 9.40 to 1.999%. Many tests’ results such as matrix permeability, resistance to free compression and heavy metals rate before and after S/S process were investigated before landfilling. Besides that, in the light of outcomes achieved by this assessment, these harmful cuttings can be converted into a useful product that helps in reducing the environmental foot prints.
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Authors and Affiliations

Abbas Hadj Abbas
1 2
Abidi Saad Aissa
3
Mohamed Khodja
4
Farad Sagala
5 6
Messaoud Hacini
3
  1. Laboratoire de géologie du Sahara, Université Kasdi Merbah Ouargla, Route de Ghardaia BP 511 Ouargla Algérie.
  2. Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary,
  3. Laboratoire de géologie du Sahara, Université Kasdi Merbah Ouargla, Route de Ghardaia BP 511 Ouargla Algérie
  4. SONATRACH/Institut Algérien du Pétrole, Avenue 1 Novembre 35000 Boumerdès, Algeria
  5. Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary
  6. Department of Energy, Minerals and Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Mbarara, University of Science and Technology (MUST), Kihumuro Campus, Mbarara, Uganda

Influence of Soil Contamination with Nickel and Liming on Lead and Manganese Contents in Reel Clover Biomass

Beata Kuziemska Stanisław Kalembasa
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2009 | vol.35 | No 1 | 95-105
Keywords Soil contamination with nickel liming red clover lead manganese
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Abstract

Zanieczyszczenia przemysłowe przyczyniają się z reguły do poglębicnia degradacji rolniczej przestrzeni produkcyjnej, prowadząc między innymi do nagromadzenia metali ciężkich w glebie. Do grupy metali ciężkichzaliczany jest nikiel, który w małych ilościach jest niezbędny dla wzrostu i rozwoju organizmów żywych, natomiast występujący w nadmiarze jest toksyczny. W czteroletnim doświadczeniu wazonowym badano wpływ zanieczyszczenia gleby niklem (50, I 00 i 150 mg Ni/kg gleby zastosowanego w formie NiSO,711,O) na tic zróżnicowanego wapnowania (wg 0,5; I i 1.5 Hh gleby zastosowanego w formie CaCO) na zawartość Pb i Mn w koniczynie czerwonej. Zawartość metali oznaczono metodą ICP-J\ES po wcześniejszej mineralizacji materiału roślinnego ,,na sucho" w piecu muflowym w temperaturze 450°C i rozpuszczeniu popiołu w I 0% roztworze HCL. Wyniki badań opracowano statystycznie analizą wariancji z wykorzystaniem rozkładu F-FisheraSnedecora wg programu F.R. Anal.var 4.1., a wartość NIR.,5 wyliczono wg testu Tukeya. W celu znalezienia związków między badanymi cechami w pracy przeprowadzono również analizę korelacji liniowej. Zawartość obu metali w roślinach uprawianych na glebach zanieczyszczonych niklem była większa w odniesieniu do roślin uprawianych na glebach niezanieczyszczonych, co może świadczyć o synergizmie niklu i omawianych metali. Zastosowane wapniowanie (niezależnie od ilości CaCO, wprowadzonego do gleby) powodowało istotne zmniejszenie zawartości obu metali w roślinie testowej. Przeprowadzone badania wykazały synergistyczne zależności pomiędzy niklem a ołowiem i manganem.
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Authors and Affiliations

Beata Kuziemska
Stanisław Kalembasa

Dynamics of Soil and Water Properties of Land Irrigated with Wastewater from Yeast Production, Part II

Czesława Rosik-Dulewska Ryszard Błaszków
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2002 | vol. 28 | No 2 | 95-105
Keywords wastewater from yeast production impact of irrigation with wastewater on soil physical andchemical properties
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Abstract

The goal of the presented research works was to prove the following thesis: Does the process of contaminants reduction and effluent application for arable land fertilization justify the treatment method of waste water from yeast production facility in soil and plant environment? In order to achieve the above mentioned goal, basically the dynamics of physical and chemical properties change observed for waters, soils and plants irrigated with wastewater from yeast factory has been studied for many years. Part II presents the problems connected with the impact of irrigation with wastewater from yeast factory on soil physical and chemical properties and on the quantity and quality of arable plants yield. Soils irrigated with process effluent from yeast factory show overfertilization with potassium. Also reduction of the organic carbon ratio to nitrogen is observed due to redundancy of potassium and deficit of organic carbon. Activities aimed at preventing reduction of organic substance consist in: straw, beet leaves and other solid organic waste ploughing. In industrial - grain crops rotation applied in the fields used for agricultural utilization of wastewater carried out in the research years of 1993-1997, an increase of yields (average for grain - by 13% and for root beet by 0.5-10.7%) was recorded. It was higher than in the case of yields produced on yeast production facility fields not irrigated with effluent and yields obtained by individual farmers from fields intensively treated only with mineral fertilizers. In comparison to the literature data the impact of irrigation with yeast effluent, the grain yields of winter wheat, spring barley and winter rape show slightly increased percentage contents of proteins, nitrogen, and potassium, whereas the contents of calcium and magnesium were smaller.
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Authors and Affiliations

Czesława Rosik-Dulewska
ORCID: ORCID
Ryszard Błaszków

Investigation of the protective effect of chitosan against arsenic-induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative damage in rat kidney tissue

K. İrak Ö.Y. Çelik M. Bolacalı T. Tufan S. Özcan S. Yıldırım İ. Bolat
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2024 | vol. 27 | No 1 | 95-105 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2024.149339
Keywords arsenic chitosan nephrotoxicity oxidative stress rat
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Abstract

Arsenic is an important metalloid that can cause poisoning in humans and domestic animals. Exposure to arsenic causes cell damage, increasing the production of reactive oxygen species. Chitosan is a biopolymer obtained by deacetylation of chitin with antioxidant and metal ion chelating properties. In this study, the protective effect of chitosan on arsenic-induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative damage was investigated. 32 male Wistar-albino rats were divided into 4 groups of 8 rats each as control group (C), chitosan group (CS group), arsenic group (AS group), and arsenic+chitosan group (AS+CS group). The C group was given distilled water by oral gavage, the AS group was given 100 ppm/day Na-arsenite ad libitum with drinking water, the CS group was given 200 mg/kg/day chitosan dissolved in saline by oral gavage, the AS+CS group was given 100 ppm/day Na-arsenite ad libitum with drinking water and 200 mg/kg/day chitosan dissolved in saline by oral gavage for 30 days. At the end of the 30-day experimental period, 90 mg/kg ketamine was administered intraperitoneally to all rats, and blood samples and kidney tissues were collected. Urea, uric acid, creatinine, P, Mg, K, Ca, Na, Cystatin C (CYS-C), Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) and Kidney Injury Molecule 1 (KIM-1) levels were measured in serum samples. Malondialdehyde (MDA), Glutathione (GSH), Catalase (CAT) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in the supernatant obtained from kidney tissue were analyzed by ELISA method. Compared with AS group, uric acid and creatinine levels of the AS+CS group were significantly decreased (p<0.001), urea, KIM-1, CYS-C, NGAL, and MDA levels were numerically decreased and CAT, GSH, and SOD levels were numerically increased (p>0.05). In conclusion, based on both biochemical and histopathological-immunohistochemical- immunofluorescence findings, it can be concluded that chitosan attenuates kidney injury and protects the kidney.
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Authors and Affiliations

K. İrak
1
Ö.Y. Çelik
2
M. Bolacalı
3
T. Tufan
4
S. Özcan
4
S. Yıldırım
5
İ. Bolat
5
  1. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
  2. Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
  3. Kırsehir Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Kirsehir, Turkey
  4. Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
  5. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey

Influence of Used Oil on Same Plant Species

Anna Małachowska-Jutsz Korneliusz Miksch
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2004 | vol. 30 | No 2 | 95-105
Keywords toxicity soil pollutant crude oil phytoremediation
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Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can affect all stages of plant growth from germination to reproduction. A sensitive response to PAHs loading can be assumed above all in the first stages of ontogenesis, the germination of seeds and the root elongation. The germination of the seed is the existential condition of the further development of the plant. In this relatively short period the plant has not yet sufficient detoxicative ability. The affection of germination due to the contamination of soils with polyaromatic compounds can be one of the factors of natural selection and even also of the plant evolution. It can be assumed that in plants there exists and is further developed the adaptation of germination to those selected conditions. In this study the phytotoxic effects of crude oil were studied. The effect of increasing concentration of the used oil in the soil (1, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150 g/kg) on: the root elongation, biomass of roots, the stalk elongation, biomass of stalk and synthesis of chlorophyll of rye Seca/e cerea/e L., red clover Trifolium repens L., charlock Sinapis alba L., were studied. The results demonstrated that the increasing concentration of used oil inhibited on: the root elongation, biomass of roots, the stalk elongation, biomass of stalk and synthesis of chlorophyll by all tested plant. The species studied showed different sensitivity to the concentration of used oil.
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Authors and Affiliations

Anna Małachowska-Jutsz
Korneliusz Miksch

The science of intelligent architecture. = Nauka o inteligentnej architekturze

Nikos A. Salingaros Kenneth G. Masden II
Teka Komisji Urbanistyki i Architektury Oddziału Polskiej Akademii Nauk w Krakowie | 2017 | vol. XLV | 95-105
Keywords intelligent architecture
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Abstract

This paper introduces a compelling new way to think about the education and practice of architecture. “Intelligent architecture” is founded on the basis of how the human mind perceives and interacts with the material world. Perhaps surprisingly, this scientifically-conceived process for architectural design and building leads to a more human architecture, one with a renewed respect for traditional systems of architectural design. Scientific insight into architecture’s origins and manner of conception gives us a profound appreciation of useful solutions embedded in our architectural heritage. This development reverses a century-old practice in industrial-modernist architecture, which advocated erasing the past rather than learning from it. By understanding essential human engagement with the built environment, architects are able to foster greater human wellbeing in the material structures they build.

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Authors and Affiliations

Nikos A. Salingaros
Kenneth G. Masden II

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