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Abstract

Casting is one method of making metal components that are widely used in industry and up to date. The sand casting method is used due to its simplicity, ease of operation, and low cost. In addition, the casting method can produce cast products in various sizes and is well-suited for mass production. However, the disadvantage of casting, especially gravity casting, is that it has poor physical and mechanical properties.
Tin bronze Cu20%wt.Sn is melted in a furnace, then poured at a temperature of 1100°C into a sand mold. The cast product is a rod with 400 mm in length, 10 mm in thickness, and 10 mm in width. The heat treatment mechanism is carried out by reheating the cast specimen at a temperature of 650°C, holding it for 4 hours, and then rapid cooling. The specimens were observed microstructure, density, and mechanical properties include tensile strength and bending strength. The results showed that there was a phase change from α + δ to α + β phase, an increase in density as a result of a decrease in porosity and a coarse grain to a fine grain. In addition, the tensile strength and bending strength of the Cu20wt.%Sn alloy were increased and resulted in a more ductile alloy through post-cast heat treatment.
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Bibliography

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[17] S. Slamet, Suyitno, Kusumaningtyas, I. (2019). Forging process on gamelan bar tin bronze Cu-25 wt. % Sn post casting deformation to changes in microstructure, density, hardness, and acoustic properties. IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 673, 1-9.
[18] S. Slamet, Suyitno, & Kusumaningtyas, I. (2020). Comparative study of bonang gamelan musical instrument between hot forging and Post Cast Heat Treatment / PCHT on microstructure and mechanical properties. IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 1430, 1-9.
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Authors and Affiliations

S. Slamet
1
S. Suyitno
2
I. K. Indraswari Kusumaningtyas
3

  1. Universitas Muria Kudus, Indonesia
  2. Universitas Tidar Magelang, Indonesia
  3. Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
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Abstract

The paper presents the results of calculations and measurements of the first natural frequency of castings of solid and ventilated brake discs made of gray cast iron of the EN-GJL-200 class. The tests were carried out for three types of chemical composition, taking into account the permissible minimum and maximum content of alloying elements. Numerical simulations of natural vibrations were carried out on the basis of our own production material databases. To determine the elastic properties of cast iron, the ultrasonic method with the measurement of the propagation velocity of longitudinal and transverse waves was used. Measurements were made directly on casts of raw discs of various thicknesses. The values of Young's modulus and Poisson's number calculated from ultrasonic measurements were used to define the stiffness matrix in the equilibrium equation, which is solved by the solver of the MSC Nastran program. A high compatibility between the results of numerical simulations and the results of experimental FRF frequency analysis was obtained. The differences between the calculated and actual values were at the level of several hertz, while the estimated average error of numerical simulations was 0.76%. It was also found out that cast iron melts for brake discs must be subject to strict control in terms of chemical composition. Slight deviations of the eutectic saturation coefficient from the optimal value cause a significant change in the first natural frequency of the brake discs, regardless of their geometry.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Zyska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mariusz Bieroński
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Metallurgy and Metal Technology, Czestochowa University of Technology, Al. Armii Krajowej 19, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland
  2. Brembo Poland Sp. z o.o., ul. Roździeńskiego 13, 41-308 Dąbrowa Górnicza
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Abstract

The paper presents the cellular automaton (CA) model for tracking the development of dendritic structure in non-equilibrium solidification conditions of binary alloy. Thermal, diffusion and surface phenomena have been included in the mathematical description of solidification. The methodology for calculating growth velocity of the liquid-solid interface based on solute balance, considering the distribution of the alloy component in the neighborhood of moving interface has been proposed. The influence of solidification front curvature on the equilibrium temperature was determined by applying the Gibbs Thomson approach. Solute and heat transfer equations were solved using the finite difference method assuming periodic boundary conditions and Newton cooling boundary condition at the edges of the system. The solutal field in the calculation domain was obtained separately for solid and liquid phase. Numerical simulations were carried out for the Al-4 wt.% Cu alloy at two cooling rates 15 K/s and 50 K/s. Microstructure images generated on the basis of calculations were compared with actual structures of castings. It was found that the results of the calculations are agreement in qualitative terms with the results of experimental research. The developed model can reproduce many morphological features of the dendritic structure and in particular: generating dendritic front and primary arms, creating, extension and coarsening of secondary branches, interface inhibition, branch fusion, considering the coupled motion and growth interaction of crystals.

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Authors and Affiliations

A. Zyska
K. Boroń
P. Kordas
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Abstract

Neutralisation of the terrorist explosive devices is a risky task. Such tasks may be carried out by robots in order to protect human life. The article describes chosen design problems concerning the new neutralisation and assisting robot SMR-100 Expert. The robot was to be designed for the use in confined spaces, particularly inside the air-crafts, buses and rail cars. In order to achieve this ambitious plan, new advanced technological designing tools had to be applied. A number of interesting design issues were approached. The successful development of the prototype robot Expert in Poland resulted in the creation of the first intervention robot in the world able to perform all necessary anti-terrorist tasks inside the passenger planes.

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Authors and Affiliations

P. Szynkarczyk
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Abstract

The experiment on Zea mays L. cv. Landmark (F1) plants was performed in a greenhouse with UV-B (305–315 nm). The pots with plants were divided into four groups: the first and the second groups were grown, respectively, at low (1.0 kJ m-2 d-1) and high (3.0 kJ m-2 d-1) biological effective dose of UV-B radiation. Half of the pots of each group were sprayed with 0.1% solution of Asahi SL (the third and fourth groups). The intensity of photosynthesis and transpiration, chlorophyll fluorescence, the content of UV-absorbing compounds and radical scavenging activity were measured using DPPH after four and six weeks of UV-B radiation. After six weeks of irradiation with a higher UV-B dose both flavonoid content and antioxidant activity increased by 112% and by 44%, respectively, compared to the plants grown at the lower dose. The plants treated with Asahi SL and exposed to the high dose of UV-B had the content of flavonoids 80% higher than the control ones. Asahi SL decreased scavenging activity in both groups of plants by 17% and 32%, respectively, in comparison with the untreated plants. The intensity of net photosynthesis, the transpiration rate and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fv/Fo, ETR, Rfd) did not differ in most of variants.

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Authors and Affiliations

Elżbieta Skórska
Monika Grzeszczuk
Magdalena Barańska
Barbara Wójcik-Stopczyńska

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