The Adûnaic (or Númenórean) language was spoken by the Dúnedain, i.e. the Númenoreans, who were “half-elven” humans in the world of Middle-Earth, created by John Ronald Reuel Tolkien (1892–1973). Their language contains numerous ele-ments of Elvish origin. Exact lexical correspondences between Adûnaic and Elvish languages (especially Quenya and Sindarin) seem to suggest that according to Tolkien’s idea the Adûnaic language represented a member of the Elvish language family in the linguistic world of Middle-Earth.

The poems opening the second and third book of Martial’s epigrams are printed here in Joanna Stadler’s Polish translation, with notes and a short introduction.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by very poor prognosis. It is caused by asymptomatic course of the disease at early stage. Symptomatic PDAC means usually advanced stage of the disease, making radical treatment impossible. Finding of biological PDAC marker could improve PDAC treatment through early diagnosis. In our study, we investigated two adipokines: omentin and chemerin concentration in PDAC, chronic pancreatitis (CP) and healthy individuals. We examined 27 PDAC patients, 10 CP patients and 36 controls. To determine concentration of adipokines we used ELISA immunoenzymatic assay. Level of both adipokines was increased when comparing control group to PDAC patients. Additionally, chemerin concentration in CP group was elevated comparing to control. To evaluate both adipokines as potential PDAC biomarkers we performed ROC analysis. Chemerin (AUC = 0.913) displayed better discriminant ability than omentin-1 (AUC = 0.73). Some authors believe that chemerin may promote tumour growth by stimulating angiogenesis and is supposed to be a factor recruiting mesenchymal stroma cells (MSC) in tumour regions. Omentin-1 can inhibit tumourigenesis by TP53 stimulation. On the other hand, according to some studies, omentin-1 may promote cancer proliferation via Akt signalling pathway. Results from our study showed signifi cantly elevated level of chemerin and omentin-1 in PDAC patients. Th erefore, w e believe that both investigated adipokines may provide promising and novel pharmacological insights for oncological diagnosis in the near future.