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Abstract

Imotsko-Bekijsko Polje has an area of 9 500 ha and is one of the biggest karst fields (polje) in the Dinaric Mountains, extending over the territory of two states: Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Many hydraulic structures (reservoirs, retentions, tunnels, etc.) have been built since the middle of 20th century in order to protect polje against floods. Therefore, the security from flooding has increased substantially. However, there is still periodical flooding in the southeastern lowest part of the polje. The largest flood in recent times was in January 2010, when 2676 ha (28% of the area) was flooded. The polje is a typical karst with very complex hydrological and hydrogeological relations. In this paper two hydrological stations, Nuga at the lowest part and Kamenmost in the central part of the polje with respectable hydrological series, are statistically analysed. In particular, the efficiency of existing hydraulic structures for flood mitigation is estimated. The research points out that floods in Imotsko-Bekijsko Polje are largely influenced by water management objects (reservoir, retention, tunnel) and only indirectly by precipitation.

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Authors and Affiliations

Igor Ljubenkov
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Abstract

The emergence of high-intensity focused ultrasound applications brings great potential to establish noninvasive therapeutic treatment in place of conventional surgery. However, the development of ultrasonic technology also poses challenges to the design and manufacture of high-power ultrasound transducers with sufficient acoustic pressure. Here, the design of a sector vortex Archimedean spiral phased array transducer that is able to enhance focal acoustic pressure is proposed by maximizing the filling factor of the piezoelectric array. The transducer design was experimentally verified by hydrophone measurements and matched well with acoustic simulation studies. The focal deflection was shown to be feasible up to ±9 mm laterally and up to ±20 mm axially, where the effective focal acoustic pressure can be maintained above 50% and the level of the grating lobe below 30%. Furthermore, a homogeneous pressure distribution without secondary focus was observed in the pre-focal region of the transducer. The rational design of a high-intensity focused ultrasound transducer indicates promising development in the treatment of deep tissue thermal ablation for clinical applications.
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Authors and Affiliations

Xiaodan Lu
1
Deping Zeng
2

  1. State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, China
  2. National Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Medicine Chongqing, China
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Abstract

The article presents the methodology to estimate the operator influence on measurements performed with a coordinate measuring arm. The research was based on the R&R analysis, adapted to the specifics of redundant devices such as ACMM (selection of a test object difficult to measure). The method provides for measurements by three operators, who measure ten parts in two or three samples (measurement data developed in the article relate to the three measurements of holes). The methodology is designed to identify which operator has the best predisposition to perform measurements (generates the smallest measurement errors). Statistica software was used to analyse and visualize measurement data.

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Bibliography

[1] VDI/VDE 2617 – Accuracy of coordinate measuring machines – characteristics and their testing. VDI/VDE, 2011 (in German).
[2] ASME B89.4.22 – 2004 Method for Performance Evaluation of Articulated Arm Coordinate Measuring Machines. ASME, 2004.
[3] ISO 10360-12 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) – Acceptance and reverification tests for coordinate measuring systems (CMS) – Part 12: Articulated arm coordinate measurement machines (CMM). ISO, 2016. Determination of the operator’s influence on measurements with AACMM 81
[4] D. González-Madruga, J. Barreiro, E. Cuesta, B. González, and S. Martínez-Pellitero. AACMM performance test: Influence of human factor and geometric features. Procedia Engineering, 69:442–448, 2014. doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2014.03.010.
[5] E. Cuesta, A. Telenti, H. Patiño, B. J. Alvarez, D. A. Mantaras, and P. Luque. Development of a force sensor prototype integrated on a coordinate measuring arm. Procedia Engineering, 132:998–1005, 2015. doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.12.588.
[6] E. Cuesta, D.A. Mantaras, P. Luque, B. J. Alvarez, and D. Muina. Dynamic deformations in coordinate measuring arms using virtual simulation. International Journal of Simulation Modelling, 14(4):609–620, 2015. doi: 10.2507/IJSIMM14(4)4.311.
[7] S. Martínez-Pellitero, J. Barreiro, E. Cuesta, and B. J. Álvarez. A new process-based ontology for KBE system implementation: application to inspection process planning. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 57(1-4):325, 2011. doi: 10.1007/s00170-011-3285-7.
[8] J. Sładek. Accuracy of Coordinate Measurements. Publishing House of Cracow University of Technology, Cracow, Poland, 2011 (in Polish).
[9] Measurement system analysis. Chrysler Group LLC, Ford Motor Company, General Motors Corporation, 2010.
[10] K. Ostrowska, D. Szewczyk, and J. Sładek. Determination of operator’s impact on the measurement done using coordinate technique. Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal, 7(20):11–16, 2013.
[11] T.D. Doiron. Dimensional measurement uncertainty from data. Part 2: Uncertainty R&R. International Journal of Metrology, 2016.
[12] Dell Inc. Dell Statistica (data analysis software system), volume 16. software.dell.com, 2016.
[13] M. Melichar, D. Kubátová, and J. Kutlwašer. CMM measuring cycle and human factor. In Proceeding of the 27th DAAAM International Symposium, pages 371–376, 2016. doi: 10.2507/27th.daaam.proceedings.055.
[14] G. Constable and E. Gasper. Conducting an R&R study yields information about measurement systems. Quality, 53:28–30, 2014.
[15] J. Minix, H. Chapman, N. Joshi, and A. Zargari. An investigation of measurement uncertainty of coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) by comparative analysis. The Journal of Technology Studies, 42(1):54–64, 2016. https://www.jstor.org/stable/90018737.
[16] ISO/TS 23165:2006(E) – Geometrical product specifications (GPS) – Guidelines of the evaluation of coordinate measuring machine (CMM) test uncertainty. ISO, 2006.
[17] K. Ostrowska, A.Gąska, and J. Sładek. Determining the uncertainty of measurement with the use of a virtual coordinate measuring arm. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 71(1-4):529–537, 2014. doi: 10.1007/s00170-013-5486-8.
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Authors and Affiliations

Sławomir Jurkowski
1

  1. Technical Institute, State University of Applied Sciences in Nowy Sącz, Nowy Sącz, Poland.
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Abstract

During the research interaction of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) in epinasty and/or hyponasty, as well as petiole growth of Bryophyllum calycinum were investigated. Exogenously applied IAA as a lanolin paste was extremely effective to induce epinasty and/or hyponasty accompanied with petiole elongation in intact B. calycinum. Application of IAA around or to the upper side of the petiole was much more effective than that to the lower side, suggesting that petiole epidermal cells on the adaxial side of B. calycinum are more sensitive and/or susceptive to IAA than those on the abaxial one. This is supported by the fact that not only the second curvature but also the first one in B. calycinum was enhanced by application of IAA to the upper side of the petiole. The degree of epinasty and/or hyponasty induced by IAA is strongly related to the increase of petiole growth. On the other hand, JA-Me significantly inhibited IAA-inducing epinasty and/or hyponasty, and petiole growth in intact B. calycinum. When detached leaves with petioles were placed leaf blade face down, clear petiole bending was observed. However, no petiole bending was found when detached leaves were placed leaf blade face up. Exogenously applied IAA to petioles was significantly effective to induce and/or stimulate petiole bending in placing detached leaves of B. calycinum face down but ethephon was not, suggesting that transport and/or movement of endogenous auxin produced in the leaf blade are necessary to induce petiole bending in detached leaves of B. calycinum and that ethylene derived from exogenously applied IAA does not play an important role in epinasty and/or hyponasty, and petiole bending in B. calycinum. The mechanisms of IAA-enhancing and JA-Me-inhibiting epinasty and/or hyponasty, and petiole growth are intensively discussed.
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Authors and Affiliations

Junichi Ueda
Justyna Góraj-Koniarska
Kensuke Miyamoto
Marian Saniewski

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