Regional-level authorities are increasingly involved in designing their own strategies to support and enhance innovative local dynamics and improve the performance of their regional innovation systems. The aim of the paper is to assess the role of regional authorities’ policy in building innovation capacity of Pomorskie Voivodeship. As research methods, the author used descriptive analysis, analysis of strategic documents and data analysis. The results show that local government authorities of Pomorskie Voivodeship are active in supporting innovativeness of the region. Cluster policy and bottom- up process of defining smart specialisations may be assessed positively. However, a lack of separate governance structures of the regional innovation system, such as planning, organization, motivation and monitoring should be recognized as unfavourable. Finally, it is still necessary to concentrate measures on meeting needs necessary for an effective commercialization of innovative solutions.

In Poland the position of a leader of political party Law and Justice has become the most important position in the country. His will has the power of law. The boundary between his will and the will of a state has blurred. The leader holds unlimited power, although he does not hold any public position. He is beyond legislative, executive and judiciary. The constitutional rule of control, complementing and hindering was replaced by charismatic power of the leader of Law and Justice. The power in Poland is held by one man. The „new law order” (Constitutional Court, National Council of the Judiciary of Poland, common courts, Supreme Court, prosecutors office) serves political purposes of the leader of Law and Justice. That is the reason for judges exchange in Poland. Lawlessness has become law. Law has been turned into a political instrument and it was done in the most vulgar way. Law serves Law and Justice’s political purpose, with disregard and disrespect to constitutional values. The system of constitutional values is not relevant for Law and Justice in the process of establishing law. A system based on autocracy is created. The main legislative competence is held by the leader of Law and Justice. Systematically, with absolute consistency, a totalitarian regime is built, where legislative and executive is under control of one man, who himself remains out of constitutional control and has no constitutional responsibility.

One of the concepts of the ventilation rate control in buildings with dense and unpredictable occupancies is based on the CO2 measurements. There are many limitations regarding the validity of CO2 measurement inputs as suitable to the ventilation rate control. Verifying research has been conducted in an air-conditioned auditorium, in the real conditions at altered ventilation air thermal parameters and variable occupancy. The CO2 and the number concentrations of the fine and coarse aerosol particles(> 0.3 μm) and bioaerosol particles (bacteria and staphylococci) as well as the indoor air thermal parameters were measured in the individual sectors of the occupied area. The sensory assessments and instrumental determinations of the acceptability of indoor air quality (ACC) were also performed. The ventilation control strategy based, apart from the CO2 measurements, on the continuous monitoring of the perceived air quality (PAQ) in the auditorium sectors has been suggested. The PAQ monitoring could be accomplished by aerosol concentration measurements and the ACC instrumental determinations. This strategy should ensure a desired PAQ in sectors which benefit the occupants' comfort, health and productivity as well as energy savings not only in the case of its implementation in the considered auditorium.

The results of research on the role of water mass movements arising as a result of anthropoprcsion, in heavy metals arrangement in sediments have been presented on the example of dam reservoir in Rybnik. The carried out thermo-visual measurements of the thermally polluted Rybnik dam-reservoir revealed spatial diversification of water temperature. The zones of diverse dynamics of water mass movements have been shown, including the zone of intensive water flow and the zone of stagnation. [t has been proved that the values of these concentrations arc strongly diverse in space. This is the result of the cutrophication grade, bioaccumulation process, and anthropomixtion. As a result of specific water movement, which transports biomass inside the ecosystem, the zone, developed in which the transfer of heavy metals to the sediments is intensified. This zone of about 150 ha in area was located. The maximum concentrations of metals described in this area arc: for cadmium - 30 mg/kg, for nickel - 55 mg/kg, for chromium - 130 mg/kg, for lead - 160 mg/kg, for copper - 1 000 mg/kg, for zinc - 1300 mg/kg. In the case ofmobile fractions, potentially capable of freeing themselves from sediments the concentration values are: for cadmium - 14 mg/kg, for nickel - 15 mg/kg, for chromium - 4 mg/kg, for lead - 8 mg/kg, for copper - 100 mg/kg, for zinc - 600 mg/kg. The participation ofmobile fractions of metals in their total quantity was: for zinc - 46%, for cadmium - 46%, for nickel - 27%, for copper - 10%, for lead- 5%, for chromium - 3%. The relationship between the total concentrations of metals likewise their mobile forms and the content of organic matter in sediments, points to the role ofbiomass of plankton organisms and detritus as bio-sorbcnt in the process of transporting and transferring metals from water to sediments. With reference to water mass dislocation effect inside the reservoir under the influence of anthropogenic factor, in the situation when this factor is stronger than the factors which cause natural water movements, author suggests using the term anthropomixion.

Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is a Lagrangian formula-based non-grid computational method for simulating fluid flows, solid deformation, and fluid structured systems. SPH is a method widely applied in many fields of science and engineering, especially in the field of materials science. It solves complex physical deformation and flow problems. This paper provides a basic overview of the application of the SPH method in metal processing. This is a very useful simulation method for reconstructing flow patterns, solidification, and predicting defects, limitations, or material destruction that occur during deformation. The main purpose of this review article is to give readers better understanding of the SPH method and show its strengths and weaknesses. Studying and promoting the advantages and overcoming the shortcomings of the SPH method will help making great strides in simulation modeling techniques. It can be effectively applied in training as well as for industrial purposes.

A “rock bridge”, defined as the closest distance between two joints in a rock mass, is an important feature affecting the jointed rock mass strength. Artificial jointed rock specimens with two parallel joint fractures were tested under uniaxial compression and numerical simulations were carried out to study the effects of the inclination of the rock bridge, the dip angle of the joint, rock bridge length, and the length of joints on the strength of the jointed rock mass. Research results show: (1) When the length of the joint fracture, the length of the rock bridge, and the inclination of the rock bridge stay unchanged, the uniaxial compressive strength of the specimen gradually increases as the inclination of the joint fracture increases from 0° to 90°. (2) When the length of the joint fracture, the length of the rock bridge, and the inclination of the joint fracture stay unchanged, the uniaxial compressive strength of the specimen shows variations in trends with the inclination of the rock bridge increasing from 30° to 150° (3). In the case when the joint is angled from the vertical loading direction, when the dip angle of the joint fracture, the inclination of the rock bridge, and the length of the rock bridge stay unchanged, the uniaxial compressive strength of the specimen gradually decreases with an increasing length of joint fracture. When the dip angle of the joint fracture, the inclination of the rock bridge, and the length of the joint fracture stay unchanged, the uniaxial compressive strength of the specimen does not show a clear trend with an increase of the length of the rock bridge.

Over the course of operation, asphalt road pavements are subjected to damage from car traffic loads and environmental factors. One of the possible methods of strengthening damaged asphalt pavements may be the application of an additional rigid layer in the form of a cement concrete slab with continuous reinforcement.

This paper presents a material-technological and structural solution for composite pavement where a cement concrete slab with continuous HFRP bar reinforcement is used for strengthening. Based on laboratory tests, the serviceability of composite bar reinforcement of rigid pavement slabs was shown. A design for strengthening asphalt pavement with a concrete slab with steel bar and corresponding HFRP bar reinforcement was developed. The composition of a pavement cement concrete mix was designed, and experimental sections were formed. Based on laboratory tests of samples collected from the surfaces of experimental sections and the diagnostic tests carried out in “in situ” conditions, the authors will try, in the nearest future (Part II: In situ observations and tests), to confirm the effectiveness of strengthening asphalt pavements with cement concrete slabs with HFRP components.

Background: The aim of the study was to determine the predominant learning style and type of intelligence based on the VARK questionnaire and Multiple Intelligences Questionnaire respectively in second year medical students. Determining the relationship between individual preferences of students, based on their learning style and predominant type of intelligence and the perception of the modified Peyton’s four-step approach used to teach cardiac auscultation.

Methods: The opinion of participants 236 of the modified four-step approach was attained through the use of anonymous questionnaires. Using the VARK questionnaire, the participants’ learning style was defined. The predominant type of intelligence was determined by the Multiple Intelligences Question-naire.

Results: The kinesthetic style was the predominant unimodal learning style in second year medical students (in Polish and international students). The most predominant type of intelligence in Polish students was visual-spatial and mathematical and logical, while in international students the predominant types were visual-spatial and mixed type of intelligence. Quantitative analysis indicated that the modified Peyton’s approach is a valuable learning and teaching method for most students, independent of their predominant learning style or intelligence type. The exception was a small group of students with lin-guistic intelligence predominance according to the Multiple Intelligence Questionnaire, for which the Peyton method was more difficult.

Conclusions: This study proves that the modified Peyton’s approach is useful and effective didactic tool and can be successfully applied to most students. This is a new learning strategy for teaching cardiac auscultation in laboratory conditions in classes for a significant majority. Due to the fact that a group of students with a predominance of linguistic intelligence more often perceived the Peyton method to be difficult, it is worth combining traditional methods with new ones in class so that all students, regardless of unimodal learning style or prevailing type of intelligence, are taught satisfactorily.

The article provides calculations and feasibility study of solar power plants implementation for the states of New Jersey, New Mexico and Michigan. The average cost for grid power, average household kwh use per month and average cost for 6-kw system with 26% federal tax credit applied were taken into account. The approach outlined in this article proposes to take into account changes in the value of money, tariffs and period of service of solar power plant.
The conducted research shows that the construction of SPPs in the USA can be profitable in the conditions of constant growth in prices for electricity produced using traditional energy sources. However, with the stability of electricity prices, the use of solar energy is far from the most profitable investment.
It has been proven that there is a need to focus on the research of the latest energy storage and generation technologies in order to reduce the impact of the instability of renewable energy production on the stability of power grids in the future. Further development of SPPs can help increase their availability and competitiveness, which will contribute to the creation of a sustainable and green energy infrastructure. The development of technologies in this area will also lead to a decrease in installation prices and an increase in the efficiency of the panels.
The main limitation of solar power plants is the need for a large area for the installation of panels in order to achieve the level of industrial electricity production. Therefore, now the centralized production of electricity using the sun is possible only in areas that are unsuitable for life and economic activity.