Operational Transresistance Amplifier (OTRA) has been a topic of great interest recently. OTRA has proved itself to be an appropriate device for the analog applications. As MOS scaling suffers from various problems, carbon nanotube field effect transistor (CNTFET) has came into light as one of the brightest alternative for FET (Field Effect Transistors) based devices. This work has introduced a new CNTFET based OTRA which is capable of realising inverse low pass filter using two OTRAs and few passive elements. CNTFET based OTRA has been designed and simulated at 10nm technology node. The working ability of the designed model has been conformed using HSPICE simulation. It is compared with conventional CMOS based OTRA. The comparative analysis has revealed improvement in various performance parameters. The paper also presents how change in number of carbon nanotube in CNTFETs in OTRA circuit affects the transresistance gain and input impedance. The optimized results are also discussed to improve transresistance gain and input impedance. The paper also dealt with the realisation of inverse low pass filter using proposed CNTFET based OTRA.
The paper addresses the issue of the Electromagnetic Environment Situational Awareness techniques. The main focus is put on sensing and the Radio Environment Map. These two dynamic techniques are described in detail. The Radio Environment Map is considered the essential part of the spectrum management system. It is described how the density and deployment of sensors affect the quality of maps and it is analyzed which methods are the most suitable for map construction. Additionally, the paper characterizes several sensing methods.
Three plants extracts were used for biosynthesis of Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs). AgNPs nucleation process requires effective reduction agents which secure Ag+ to Ag0 reduction and also stabilizing/capping agents. The UV-vis and TEM observation revealed that the best results were obtained by R. officinalis leaf extract. The strong SPR band peak appeared at the wavelength 418 nm. Synthetized AgNPs were globular, fine (~20 nm), uniform and stabile throughout the experiment. A rapid rate of AgNPs synthesis was also significant and economically advantageous factor. Fine (10-20 nm) and globular nanoparticles were synthetized also by U. dioica leaf extract, but the stability of nanoparticles was not permanent. Despite V. vitis-idaea fruit extract contains a lot of reducing agents, UV-vis did not confirm the presence of AgNPs in solution. Synthetized Ag particles were very unstable, Ag particles agglomerated very fast and clearly indicated sediment was formed.