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Possibilities of improving energy efficiency of heating systems with a gas boiler

Grzegorz Bartnicki Bogdan Nowak
Zeszyty Naukowe Instytutu Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi Polskiej Akademii Nauk | 2019 | Nr 109 | 65-78 | DOI: 10.24425/znigsme.2019.128678
Keywords energy efficiency heat consumption regulation control system
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Abstract

The article discusses issues related to improving the energy efficiency of heat supply systems. It draws attention to the need to take action not only for large objects and systems, but also for individual buildings and their boiler plants. Heat supply system monitoring allows for the diagnosis of the weakest elements and making decisions leading to the improvement of energy efficiency. In the case of the boiler room where the research was carried out, the results of such monitoring convinced to equip boilers with an additional automatic control system, with an algorithm limiting the number of burner switching cycles and shutdowns. Limiting the number of switching on the burners, as in the case of other combustion and electric devices, has a significant impact on the energy efficiency of the entire system. In addition, it also increases the durability of the devices, and thus reduces costs of servicing and repairs. The simplest control algorithms, often used in controllers installed in the boiler units, do not provide optimization in this respect. The external device used has allowed the number of burners on and off cycles to be limited while maintaining the quality of the heat supply to the heating installation and the heat treatment system.

The material also presents other ways to improve the energy efficiency of the heat supply system in existing multi-family buildings.

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Authors and Affiliations

Grzegorz Bartnicki
Bogdan Nowak

PIXE/RBS Method In Analysis of Granulometrlc Composition of Dust Emittedfromdry-Bottomboilers Burningpulverisedcoal

Joanna Staisz Bogusław Rajchel Jan Konieczyński
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2004 | vol. 30 | No 1 | 65-78
Keywords air pollutants coal combustion trace clements particulate matter size distribution
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Abstract

The paper presents the results of the research on particle size distribution of dust emitted from drybottom boilers burning pulverized coal. A cascade impactor separated fly-ash particles into seven size fractions with the following equivalent aerodynamic diameters: 0.38; 0.88; 1.9; 2.9; 6.3; 10.0 μm. Cumulative size-specific emission factors were determined. In order to obtain some information on the trace elements distribution in the fly-ash size-fraction concentration of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Zr, Sr, Pb, Br was determined in the samples collected. The elemental analysis was performed by Proton Induced X-Ray Emission Spectroscopy. Small mass loadings obtained from the cascade impactor, which are often insufficient for other analytical methods, are well within the sensitivity range of the PIXE/RBS analysis. The results of the research concerning one of the domestic power stations arc presented as an example.
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Authors and Affiliations

Joanna Staisz
Bogusław Rajchel
Jan Konieczyński

Is Body Surveillance Trivial? A Model of Body Dissatisfaction in Women based on the Sociocultural Model, Self-Determination Theory and Objectification Theory

Eva Paulisova Olga Orosova
Polish Psychological Bulletin | 2023 | vol. 54 | No 1 | 65-78 | DOI: 10.24425/ppb.2023.144885
Keywords body dissatisfaction body surveillance self-objectification self-determination fat talk
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Abstract

The presented study is based on three theoretical approaches: the sociocultural model of eating disorders, self- determination theory and objectification theory. The study has two aims. Firstly, to test a model of body dissatisfaction in women based on these theories and secondly, to experimentally examine the effect of low-intensity fat talk on body dissatisfaction and its related variables. The results showed that body surveillance and self-determination were directly associated with body dissatisfaction. There was an indirect effect of thin-ideal internalization on body dissatisfaction as well as an indirect effect of self-determination on body dissatisfaction, both through body surveillance. The experimental effect of this subtle form of fat talk was not confirmed. However, the content analysis of the participants’ short texts revealed that even this form of fat talk was associated with marked body dissatisfaction and negative emotions for some participants. In summary, body surveillance was a central variable in the model of body dissatisfaction in young women. This habit of constant monitoring of body appearance is not trivial and should be addressed in interventions.
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Authors and Affiliations

Eva Paulisova
1
ORCID: ORCID
Olga Orosova
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic

Groundwater impact assessment of Lake Czorsztyn after 25 years of its operation

Włodzimierz Humnicki Ewa Krogulec Jerzy Małecki Marzena Szostakiewicz-Hołownia Anna Wojdalska Daniel Zaszewski
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2022 | 48 | 2 | 65-78 | DOI: 10.24425/aep.2022.140767
Keywords water reservoir, groundwater, river, hydrogeology, sustainable water management, Pieniny Klippen Belt
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Abstract

Artificial water reservoirs pose impact on the natural environment. Impact of the artificial Czorsztyn Lake on groundwater and land management is assessed. The study is based on long-term observations of chemistry, groundwater levels and spring discharges during reservoir construction, filling, and 25-year-long exploitation. Land management changes caused by reservoir construction were recognized using remote sensing. Reservoir construction resulted in land management change in the study area. Built-up and forest areas gained prevalence over farmland areas. Two types of groundwater dominate: HCO3–Ca and HCO3–Ca–Mg, both before reservoir filling (68% analyses) and afterwards (95% analyses), and in control analyses from September 2020 (100% analyses). Gradual decrease in the occurrence of water types with the sulphate ion exceeding 20% mvals is documented, which points to water quality improvement trends. Moreover, changes of water saturation index values with regard to aquifer-forming mineral phases during reservoir construction and early exploitation phasei ndicate hydrochemical modifications. Decrease of groundwater level was related with transformation of the Dunajec river valley during reservoir construction and, accordingly, decrease of regional drainage base level. Groundwater level increased after reservoir filling, which points to coupled impact of the reservoir and increased precipitation recharge. Construction of the Czorsztyn Lake resulted in gradual land management transformation from farmlands into tourist-recreational areas. This change and river valley flooding by surface waters did not cause significant modifications in groundwater quantity and quality. Organization of water-sewage management related with reservoir construction resulted in noticeably improved quality trends.
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Authors and Affiliations

Włodzimierz Humnicki
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ewa Krogulec
1
Jerzy Małecki
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marzena Szostakiewicz-Hołownia
1
ORCID: ORCID
Anna Wojdalska
1
Daniel Zaszewski
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Faculty of Geology, University of Warsaw, Poland

Time-domain optimisation of braking torque for the ESP System

Witold Grzegożek Stanisław Wojciech
Archive of Mechanical Engineering | 2002 | vol. 49 | No 1 | 65-78
Keywords ESP system nonlinear optimisation methhods
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Abstract

An application of nonlinear optimisation methods to the solution of optimal brake torques for the ESP system is presented. The plane model of a vehicle is worked out and then used in the optimisation process. Two tasks are considered; the first when the vehicle motion is disturbed by bumps and ruts, the second when the vehicle changes the lane. The results of numerical calculation are included.
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Authors and Affiliations

Witold Grzegożek
Stanisław Wojciech

Influence of the mesh structure of geodesic domes on their seismic response in applied directions

Dominika Bysiec Tomasz Maleska
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 3 | 65-78 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2023.146067
Keywords forced vibrations geodesic dome lightweight structures numerical analysis seismic analysis
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Abstract

The paper presents the determination of the impact of earthquakes of varying intensity on the structure of geodesic domes. The structures of the analyzed domes were designed on the basis of the regular octahedron according to two different methods of creating their topology. The use of four seismic records of different intensity and duration of the record made it possible to subject 8 models to numerical analysis. The designed spatial structures are domes with a steel cross-section, thanks to which they are undoubtedly characterized by their lightness and the possibility of covering very large areas, without the need to use internal supports. Designing steel domes is currently a challenge for constructors, as well as architect, who take into account their aesthetic considerations. The paper presents the seismic response of geodesic domes in applied different directions (two horizontal “X” and “Y” and one vertical “Z”), using the Time History method. The values of forced vibrations and recording intensity were shown, and on this basis, an attempt was made to determine which seismic record may be more unfavorable for the designed geodesic domes created according to two different methods of shaping the topology of their structures. For this purpose, the FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) method was used. The maximum accelerations and displacements of the structures were also analyzed. The conducted analysis shows the influence of seismic excitations on geodetic dome structures, depending on the applied method (method 1 and 2) of shaping their topology. This paper will undoubtedly be useful in designing a geodesic dome structure in a seismic area. In addition, this analysis can be helpful in assessing the effects of an incidental earthquake.
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Authors and Affiliations

Dominika Bysiec
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tomasz Maleska
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Opole University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture

Dirhams from new discoveries in Gdańsk. Annex: Pre-Teutonic Gdańsk and Coin Finds: Numismatics Between History and Archaeology

Grzegorz Arkuszewski
Wiadomości Numizmatyczne | 2020 | Rok LXIV | 65-78 | DOI: 10.24425/wn.2020.136904
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Authors and Affiliations

Grzegorz Arkuszewski

Incorporation of the sphenoid sinuses’ septum / septa in the carotid canal — evaluation before the FESS

Joanna Jaworek-Troć Michał Zarzecki Dariusz Lusina Tomasz Gładysz Paweł Depukat Agata Mazurek Wojciech Twardokęs Anna Curlej- Wądrzyk Joe Iwanaga Ewa Walocha Robert Chrzan Andrzej Urbanik
Folia Medica Cracoviensia | 2020 | Vol. 60 | No 4 | 65-78 | DOI: 10.24425/fmc.2020.136205
Keywords sphenoid sinuses main septum additional septum carotid canal FESS
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Abstract

The purpose of the research was to define the frequency prevalence of the incorporation of sphenoid sinuses’ septum / septa in the carotid canal of the adult population.
M a t e r i a l s and M e t h o d s: 296 computed tomography (CT) scans of the patients (147 females, 149 males), who did not present any pathology in the sphenoid sinuses, were evaluated in this retrospective analysis. Spiral CT scanner — Siemens Somatom Sensation 16 — was used to glean the medical images. Standard procedure applied in the option Siemens CARE Dose 4D. No contrast medium was administered. Multiplans reconstruction (MPR) tool was used in order to obtain frontal and sagittal planes from the transverse planes previously received.
R e s u l t s: Bilateral incorporation of the main septum (MS) in the carotid canal was not present in any of the patients, whereas unilateral incorporation was noticed in 21.96% of the patients (17.68% females, 26.17% males). On the right side it occurred in 11.82% of cases (10.88% females, 12.75% males), and on the left side in 10.14% of cases (6.8% females, 13.42% males). Bilateral incorporation of the additional septum (AS) was found in 8.45% of the patients (4.08% females, 12.75% males), whereas unilateral incorporation was noted in 28.37% of the patients. It was seen on the right side in 11.82% of cases (12.93% females, 10.74% males), and on the left side in 16.55% cases (15.65% females, 17.45% males). The most common variant was the incorporation of only one of the septa (either the MS or the AS) in the wall of the carotid canal unilaterally. Such situation took place in 30.07% of the patients (29.25% females, 30.87% males).
Incorporation of two septa on the same side was noticed in 4.39% of cases (4.08% females, 4.7% males), and incorporation of three septa in 0.34% of cases (0.7% males).
C o n c l u s i o n s: The anatomy of the paranasal sinuses is varied to a great extent, hence performing a CT scan is crucial before the scheduled surgery, as it may lessen the unforeseeable surgical complications, that may result from the high prevalence of variants in the sinuses.


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Authors and Affiliations

Joanna Jaworek-Troć
1 2
Michał Zarzecki
1
Dariusz Lusina
1
Tomasz Gładysz
3
Paweł Depukat
1
Agata Mazurek
1
Wojciech Twardokęs
4
Anna Curlej- Wądrzyk
5
Joe Iwanaga
6
Ewa Walocha
7
Robert Chrzan
2
Andrzej Urbanik
2
  1. Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
  2. Department of Radiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
  3. Department of Dental Surgery, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
  4. Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
  5. Department of Integrated Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
  6. Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University, New Orleans, USA
  7. Department of Clinical Nursing, Institute of Nursing and Obstetrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland

Vitamin D status and its associations with clinical and laboratory parameters in patients with Addison’s disease

Karolina Zawadzka Katarzyna Matwiej Grzegorz Sokołowski Małgorzata Trofimiuk-Müldner Anna Skalniak Alicja Hubalewska-Dydejczyk
Folia Medica Cracoviensia | 2021 | Vol. 61 | No 2 | 65-78 | DOI: 10.24425/fmc.2021.137224
Keywords primary adrenal insufficiency Addison’s disease vitamin D autoimmunity
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Abstract

Introduction: There is increasing evidence that several autoimmune diseases, as well as their activity, are associated with vitamin D (VD) deficiency. Our study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of VD insufficiency in patients with Addison’s disease (AD), as well as to evaluate associations between VD concentrations and various clinical and laboratory parameters of the disease.
Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed medical records of 31 adult patients diag-nosed with autoimmune Addison’s disease, in whom serum VD was measured. We assessed correlations between serum VD and various clinical and laboratory parameters.
Results: 90.3% of AD patients had inadequate VD concentrations (<30 ng/mL), and 19.3% of them were found to be severely VD deficient (<10 ng/mL). Among assessed laboratory variables, only serum calcium concentrations significantly correlated with VD status (r = 0.53, p = 0.006). The mean serum VD con-centration was significantly lower in patients with severe fatigue (15.17 ± 8.41 vs 26.83 ± 12.29 ng/mL, p = 0.011) and limited exercise capacity (12.38 ± 6.9 vs 21.63 ± 10.87 ng/mL, p = 0.016).
Conclusions: This study demonstrates a high prevalence of VD deficiency in AD patients, as well as the association between low VD concentrations with symptoms such as severe fatigue or limited exercise capacity. Further studies are needed to clarify if impaired VD status is a risk factor in the pathogenesis of AD and to assess if VD supplementation improves the quality of life of AD patients.
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Authors and Affiliations

Karolina Zawadzka
1
Katarzyna Matwiej
1
Grzegorz Sokołowski
2
Małgorzata Trofimiuk-Müldner
2
Anna Skalniak
2
Alicja Hubalewska-Dydejczyk
2
  1. Students’ Scientific Group of Endocrinology at the Department of Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
  2. Chair and Department of Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland

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