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Protection of water quality in the lake situated on the agricultural area

Waldemar Mioduszewski
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2015 | No 26 | 65-71
Keywords agriculture contamination environment lakes nitrogen water quality
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Abstract

According to the Nitrate Directive it is necessary to established a protective belt (ecotones) around lakes. Inside these belts, it is forbidden to use fertilize for agricultural purposes. It is believed that it is the most imported measure to protect water quality in the lake. The analysis were conducted to estimate the sources of nitrogen entering the waters of the lake. Some analysis were conducted to estimate the sources of nitrogen entering waters of the lake. It was proved that the biggest load (more than 80%) of contamination is entering the lake with water flowing in streams and ditches. Only 10% of the chemicals are entering the lake with the groundwater filtrating to the lake. It is very important to use a proper methods of agriculture with proper methods of fertilization in the whole area of river basin flowing to the lakes.

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Authors and Affiliations

Waldemar Mioduszewski

Characteristics of Ledeburite in EDS Analyses of Directionally Solidified Eutectic White Cast Iron

M. Trepczyńska-Łent J. Seyda
Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2022 | vol. 22 | No 4 | 65-71 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2022.143951
Keywords Microsegregation SEM-EDS analysis Ledeburite Cementite White cast iron
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Abstract

The paper addresses the microsegregation of Mn, Mo, Cr, W, V, Si, Al, Cu and P in the white cast iron. Eutectic alloy with the content of 4.25% C was studied. The white cast iron was directionally solidified in the vacuum Bridgman-type furnace at a constant pulling rate v = 83 μm/s and v = 167 μm/s and at a constant temperature gradient G = 33.5 K/mm. The microstructural research was conducted using light and scanning electron microscopy. The microsegregation of elements in ledeburite was evaluated by EDS measurements. Content of elements in ledeburitic cementite and ledeburitic pearlite was determined. The tendency of elements to microsegregation was found dependent on the solidification rate. Microsegregation of elements between pearlite and cementite structural constituents has been specified. The effect of solidification rate on the type and intensity of microsegregation in directionally solidified eutectic white cast iron was observed. A different type of microsegregation was observed in the components of ledeburite in cementite and pearlite.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

M. Trepczyńska-Łent
1
ORCID: ORCID
J. Seyda
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Poland

Computed Tomography and Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis of a Friction Stir Welded Al-Cu Joint

Wojciech P. Depczyński Damian Bańkowski Piotr S. Młynarczyk
Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2023 | vol. 23 | No 4 | 65-71 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2023.146680
Keywords friction stir welding Non-destructive testing Radiographic inspection Computed tomography
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Abstract

The study aimed touse3D computed tomography (CT) to analyse a joint between two dissimilar materials produced by friction stir welding (FSW). As the materials joined, i.e., aluminum and copper, differ in properties (e.g., density and melting point), the weld is predicted to have an inhomogeneous microstructure. The investigations involved applying microfocus computed tomography (micro-CT) to visualize and analyze the volumetric structure of the joint. Volume rendering is extremely useful because, unlike computer modelling, which requires many simplifications, it helps create highly accurate representations of objects. Image segmentation into regions was performed through global gray-scale thresholding. The analysis also included elemental mapping of the weld cross-sections using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and examination of its surface morphology by means of optical microscopy (OP). The joint finds its use in developing elements used in the chemical, energetics and aerospace industries, due to the excellent possibilities of combining many different properties, and above all, reducing the weight of the structure.
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Authors and Affiliations

Wojciech P. Depczyński
1
ORCID: ORCID
Damian Bańkowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Piotr S. Młynarczyk
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Radiography and Computed Tomography Laboratory, Department of Metal Science and Manufacturing Processes, Faculty of Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering, Kielce University of Technology, al. Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 7, 25-314 Kielce, Poland

Photosynthetic Responses of Chlorella vulgaris L. to Short-Term UV-B Radiation Exposure

Elżbieta Skórska Antoni Murkowski
Acta Biologica Cracoviensia s. Botanica | 2018 | vol. 60 | No 1 | 65-71 | DOI: 10.24425/118048
Keywords chlorophyll fluorescence microalgae oxygen evolving photosysthem II phytoplankton ultraviolet radiation
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Abstract

Exposure of green algae Chlorella vulgaris to short-term UV-B radiation (280 nm – 315 nm) induced several changes in the function of photosystem II (PS II) studied by means of chlorophyll fluorescence (FL) and oxygen evolving. The intensity of photosynthetic oxygen evolving intensity of algae suspension decreased in a similar way to the FL parameter values in proportion to the applied dose of UV-B radiation (0.0, 3.2, 6.4, 12.8 kJ·m-2). The correlation between photosynthetic oxygen evolving intensity and FV/FO ratio was better than that between photosynthetic oxygen evolving intensity and FV/FM. The vitality index (Rfd) in the UV-B irradiated algae strongly decreased, compared to the control, which indicates inhibition of potential CO2 fixation and cooperation between light and dark reactions of photosynthesis. It may indicate damage of Rubisco.
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Authors and Affiliations

Elżbieta Skórska
Antoni Murkowski

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