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Number of results: 23
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Abstract

The aim of the article is to show the dependence of what is our/mine and Other/Alien in thinking about conflicts around investment projects. Investments related to the development of space and resources of the Earth, especially if they cause any (real or potential) changes, generate negative emotions which often become the embers of conflict.

Paradoxically, participation in such conflict may benefit the parties involved. Positive outcomes include: meeting needs (attention and significance), fulfilling (new) social roles, learning about other points of view, finding themselves in new social groups or embedded in local communities. Living in the social theater of life, each person plays different roles, which can lead to tension and a sense of ambivalence. In this situation, the individual has a sense of identity dispersion, being able to be simultaneously in several groups opposing each other. The conflict surrounding the Orzesze mining project can serve as an example here. This and other examples show that what is mine and the Other/Alien, with all its separateness, is, however, more or less intertwined with each other. So, the phenomenon of mutual dependence between the Other/Alien and conflict can provide an interesting perspective when looking at conflicts in managing the space and resources of the Earth. Conflicts, in particular mining-related ones, are an extremely complex phenomenon with great potential – both negative and positive. The appreciation of the benefits mentioned in the article, which result from the mutual dependence of the parties involved in the conflict along with their readiness to go outside their comfort zones, provide an opportunity for mutual understanding and reaching agreement which could lead to a positive change consistent with the idea of sustainable development.

In this complex situation, the incorporation of not only sociological but also psychological aspects becomes an important element of the states’ and companies’ resources policy and cannot be neglected any more.

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Authors and Affiliations

Joanna Iza Belzyt
Jarosław Badera
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Abstract

The author analyzes the transport policies of the European Union. Section V, part lII of the European Union Treaty (articles 70-80) defines the responsibilities ofmember states in terms of introducing a common transport policy. The regulations of this section mainly apply to rail, road, and internal waterway transport. The regulations of section VI, part III of the European Union Treaty (articles 81-97) are addressed to all states in the world whose economic activities distort or threaten to distort competition in the European Union. The establishment and development of a transeuropean transport, telecommunications, and energy network (articles 154-156) constitute the central element in an economic zone without internal borders. The contemporary economy is a result of two trends: a process of globalization and a process of regionalization. The principle of subsiduarity plays a major role in the process of regionalization. It filters through to the idea of the ,,Europe of Regions." In essence, states transfer their responsibilities and authority via the Union to regions. The Union only retains those responsibilities and authority that are essential to its functioning. Remaining rights should be transferred downwards, to the level ,,as near as possible to the citizen." The Union implements the principle of the decentralization of power. Matters connected with the financing of the traditional sector of the maritime economy will depend on the appropriate formulation of the ,,voivodeship contracts" that will soon be concluded by the Council ofMinisters and voivodeship assemblies. The assemblies will have the most influence on the way in which European Union structural funds can be used.
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Authors and Affiliations

Zdzisław Brodecki
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Abstract

The modifiers in the title o f this paper - “community”, “union” and “European” - are in general use with regard to the same legal phenomena. This general terminological distinction has a negative effect on the terminology of the academic study o f maritime law, and there is no reason why this should be so. The most appropriate term would be “European maritime law”. The article presents arguments in favor of the use of this term.

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Authors and Affiliations

Zbigniew Godecki
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Abstract

Variation in final casting dimensions is a major challenge in the investment casting industry. Additional correction operations such as die tool reworking as well as coining operations affect foundry productivity significantly. In this paper influence of basic parameters such as wax material, mould material, number of ceramic coats and feed location on the dimensional accuracy of stainless-steel casting has been investigated. Two levels of each factor were chosen for experimental study. Taguchi approach has been used to design the experiment and to identify the optimal condition of each parameter for reduced dimensional deviation. Analysis of variance has been carried out to determine the contribution of each process parameter. The result reports that selected parameters have significant effect on the dimensional variability of investment casting. Mould material is the dominant parameter with the largest contribution followed by number of ceramic coats and wax material whereas feed location is having negligible contribution.

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Authors and Affiliations

S.N. Bansode
V.M. Phalle
S. Mantha
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Abstract

The objective of the study was to create a printable 3D model of the sellar region of the sphenoid bone for demonstrating anatomical variant of the osseous bridging between anterior and posterior clinoid processes. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the middle cranial fossa along with 3D printed model, allow for accurate depicting position of the interclinoid bridge with reference to other basicranial structures.

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Authors and Affiliations

Janusz Skrzat
Anna Bonczar
Tomasz Kasprzycki
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Abstract

This paper presents the results of research on self-vibrations of rotary systems with segmental tilting-pad journal bearings having different frequencies of rotor revolution. The problem of research formulated in this work concerns technical characteristics of primary elements of the investigated system and its principle of operation. The obtained results are illustrated with graphs. The paper also contains comparison of results and discussion. General conclusions are given at the end of the paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

Vladas Vekteris
Audrius Cereska
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Abstract

This Guest Editorial introduces a special issue entitled Brexit and Beyond: Transforming Mobility and Immobility. The unfolding story of Brexit provided the backdrop to a series of events, organised in 2018 and 2019, which were the result of a collaboration between migration researchers in Warsaw and the UK, funded by the Noble Foundation’s Programme on Modern Poland. The largest event – held in association with IMISCOE – was an international conference, arising from which we invited authors to contribute papers to this special issue on the implications of Brexit for the mobility and immobility of EU citizens, particularly – but not exclusively – from Central and Eastern Europe, living in the UK. As we outline in this Editorial, collectively, the papers comprising the special issue address three key themes: everyday implications and ‘living with Brexit’; renegotiating the ‘intentional unpredictability’ status and settling down; and planning the future and the return to countries of origin. In addition, we include an interview with Professor Nira Yuval-Davis, based on the substance of her closing plenary at the conference – racialisation and bordering. Her insightful analysis remains salient to the current situation – in June 2020, as the UK enters the final months of the Brexit transition period – in the unexpected midst of a global pandemic and an imminent recession.

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Authors and Affiliations

Majella Kilkey
Aneta Piekut
Louise Ryan

Authors and Affiliations

Witold Klaus
1
ORCID: ORCID
Agnieszka Martynowicz
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute of Law Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland
  2. Department of Law and Criminology, Edge Hill University, UK
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Abstract

Thermal-imaging systems respond to infrared radiation that is naturally emitted by objects. Various multispectral and hyperspectral devices are available for measuring radiation in discrete sub-bands and thus enable a detection of differences in a spectral emissivity or transmission. For example, such devices can be used to detect hazardous gases. However, their operation principle is based on the fact that radiation is considered a scalar property. Consequently, all the radiation vector properties, such as polarization, are neglected. Analysing radiation in terms of the polarization state and the spatial distribution of thereof across a scene can provide additional information regarding the imaged objects. Various methods can be used to extract polarimetric information from an observed scene. We briefly review architectures of polarimetric imagers used in different wavebands. First, the state-of-the-art polarimeters are presented, and, then, a classification of polarimetric-measurement devices is described in detail. Additionally, the data processing in Stokes polarimeters is given. Emphasis is laid on the methods for obtaining the Stokes parameters. Some predictions in terms of LWIR polarimeters are presented in the conclusion.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Grzegorz Bieszczad
1
ORCID: ORCID
Sławomir Gogler
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jacek Świderski
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, 2 gen. S. Kaliskiego St., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

Internet of Things (IoT) is the new research paradigm which has gained a great significance due to its widespread applicability in diverse fields. Due to the open nature of communication and control, the IoT network is more susceptible to several security threats. Hence the IoT network requires a trust aware mechanism which can identify and isolate the malicious nodes. Trust Sensing has been playing a significant role in dealing with security issue in IoT. A novel a Light Weight Clustered Trust Sensing (LWCTS) model is developed which ensures a secured and qualitative data transmission in the IoT network. Simulation experiments are conducted over the proposed model and the performance is compared with existing models. The obtained results prove the effectiveness when compared with existing approaches.
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Authors and Affiliations

Rajendra Prasad M
1
Krishna Reddy D
2

  1. Vidya Jyothi Institute of Technology, India
  2. Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, India
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Abstract

This paper presents practical capabilities of a system for ceramic mould quality forecasting implemented in an industrial plant (foundry). The main assumption of the developed solution is the possibility of eliminating a faulty mould from a production line just before the casting operation. It allows relative savings to be achieved, and faulty moulds, and thus faulty castings occurrence in the production cycle to be minimized. The numerical computing module (the DEFFEM 3D package), based on the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is one of key solutions of the system implemented. Due to very long computing times, the developed numerical module cannot be effectively used to carry out multi-variant simulations of mould filling and solidification of castings. To utilize the benefits from application of the CUDA architecture to improve the computing effectiveness, the most time consuming procedure of looking for neighbours was parallelized (cell-linked list method). The study is complemented by examples of results of performance tests and their analysis.

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Authors and Affiliations

Marcin Hojny
K. Żaba
Tomasz Dębiński
ORCID: ORCID
J. Porada
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Abstract

The paper indicates the significance of the problem of foundry processes parameters stability supervision and assessment. The parameters, which can be effectively tracked and analysed using dedicated computer systems for data acquisition and exploration (Acquisition and Data Mining systems, A&D systems) were pointed out. The state of research and methods of solving production problems with the help of computational intelligence systems (Computational Intelligence, CI) were characterised. The research part shows capabilities of an original A&DM system in the aspect of selected analyses of recorded data for cast defects (effect) forecast on the example of a chosen iron foundry. Implementation tests and analyses were performed based on selected assortments for grey and nodular cast iron grades (castings with 50 kg maximum weight, casting on automatic moulding lines for disposable green sand moulds). Validation tests results, applied methods and algorithms (the original system’s operation in real production conditions) confirmed the effectiveness of the assumptions and application of the methods described. Usability, as well as benefits of using A&DM systems in foundries are measurable and lead to stabilisation of production conditions in particular sections included in the area of use of these systems, and as a result to improvement of casting quality and reduction of defect number.

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Authors and Affiliations

R. Sika
Z. Ignaszak
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Abstract

A classical algorithm Tabu Search was compared with Q Learning (named learning) with regards to the scheduling problems in the Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) manufacturing process. The first part comprised of a review of the literature concerning scheduling problems, machine learning and the ADI manufacturing process. Based on this, a simplified scheme of ADI production line was created, which a scheduling problem was described for. Moreover, a classic and training algorithm that is best suited to solve this scheduling problem was selected. In the second part, was made an implementation of chosen algorithms in Python programming language and the results were discussed. The most optimal algorithm to solve this problem was identified. In the end, all tests and their results for this project were presented.
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Bibliography

[1] Yang, L., Jiang, G., Chen, X., Li, G., Li, T. & Chen, X. (2019). Design of integrated steel production scheduling knowledge network system. Claster Comput. 10197-10206.
[2] Żurada, J. Barski, M., Jędruch, W. (1996). Artificial Neural Networks. Fundamentals of theory and application. Warszawa: PWN. (in Polish).
[3] Janiak, A. (2006). Scheduling in computer and manufacturing systems. Warszawa: Wydawnictwa Komunikacji i Łączności.
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[5] Coffman, E.G. (1980). Task scheduling theory. Warszawa: Wydawnictwa Naukowo-Techniczne. (in Polish).
[6] Janczarek, M. (2011). Managing production processes in the enterprise. Lublin: Lubelskie Towarzystwo Naukowe. (in Polish).
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[8] Raschka, S. (2018) Python machine learning. Gliwice: Helion. (in Polish).
[9] Choi, H-S, Kim, J-S. & Lee, D-H. (2011). Real-time scheduling for reentrant hybrid flow shops: A decision tree based mechanism and its application to a TFT-LCD line. Expert System with Application. 38, 3514-3521.
[10] Agarwal, A., Pirkul, H. & Jacob, V.S. (2003). Augmented neutral network for task scheduling. European Journal of Operational Research. 151, 481-502.
[11] Jain, A.S. & Meeran, S. (1998). Jop-shop scheduling using neutral networks. International Journal of Production Research. 36(5), 1249-1272
[12] Fonseca-Reyna, Y.C., Martinez-Jimenez, Y. & Nowe, A. (2017). Q-Learning algorithm performance for m-machine, n-jobs flow shop scheduling problems to minimize makespan, Revista Investigacion Operacional. 38(3), 281-290.
[13] Dewi, Andriansyah, & Syahriza, (2019). Optimization of flow shop scheduling problem using classic algorithm: case study, IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 506.
[14] Putatunda, K. (2001) Development of austempered ductile cast iron (ADI) with simultaneous high yield strength and fracture toughness by a novel two-step austempering process. Material Science and Engineering A. 315, 70-80.
[15] Dayong Han, Hubei Key, Qiuhua Tang; Zikai Zhang; Jun Cao, (2020). Energy-efficient integration optimization of production scheduling and ladle dispatching in steelmaking plants. IEEE Access. 8, 176170-176187.
[16] Perzyk, M. (2017). The use of production data mining methods in the diagnosis of the causes of product defects and disruptions in the production process. Utrzymanie Ruchu. 4, 45-47. (in Polish).
[17] Perzyk, M., Dybowski, B. & Kozłowski, J. (2019). Introducing advanced data analytics in perspective of industry 4.0 in a die casting foundry. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 19(1), 53-57.
[18] Yescas, M. (2003). Prediction of the Vickers hardness in austempered ductile irons using neural networks. International Journal of Cast Metals Research. 15(5), 513-521.
[19] Report on the contract no. U / 227/2014 implemented at the Foundry Research Institute. (in Polish).
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Authors and Affiliations

D. Wilk-Kołodziejczyk
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
K. Chrzan
2
ORCID: ORCID
K. Jaśkowiec
2
ORCID: ORCID
Z. Pirowski
2
ORCID: ORCID
R. Żuczek
2
ORCID: ORCID
A. Bitka
2
ORCID: ORCID
D. Machulec
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
  2. Łukasiewicz Research Network – Krakow Institute of Technology, 73 Zakopiańska Str., 30-418 Kraków, Poland
  3. AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
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Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the cardiotoxic effect of the combination of tilmicosin and diclofenac sodium in sheep. Thirty-two sheep were used and were randomly divided into four equal groups as tilmicosin (T), diclofenac sodium (D), tilmicosin+diclofenac sodium (TD) and control (C) group. Group T received a single dose of tilmicosin, Group D was administered diclofenac sodium once a day for 3 days, and group TD was administered diclofenac and tilmicosin at the same doses as group T and D. Group C received NaCl in a similar way. The blood samples were taken before dosing and at 4th, 8th, 24th and 72nd hour post-dosing for measurement of cardiac markers such as H-FABP, cTn-I, CK-MB. H-FABP level of group TD was found to be significantly (p<0.05) higher than of group C at the 8th, 24th and 72nd hour and group D and T at the 72nd hour. cTn-I and CK-MB levels of group TD were found significantly (p<0.05) higher compared with other groups. In conclusion, the combined use of tilmicosin and diclofenac in sheep causes an increase in cardiac biomarkers and it can be stated that this combination of drugs may cause cardiac damage.
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Authors and Affiliations

R. Yildiz
1
D. Durna Corum
2
O. Corum
2
M. Ider
3
O. Atik
4
M. Ok
3
K. Uney
5

  1. Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy, 15030, Burdur, Turkey
  2. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Hatay Mustafa Kemal, 31060, Hatay, Turkey
  3. Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selcuk, 42100, Konya, Turkey
  4. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Afyon Kocatepe, 03030, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
  5. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selcuk, 42100, Konya, Turkey
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Abstract

This study was carried out to evaluate the potential effects of 90 days-long dietary supple- mentation of probiotic and yeast culture on immunity condition of lambs. Fifteen Rahmani growing male lambs (about 5 months old and 23.21±2.75 kg body weight) were randomly allo- cated to three equal groups consisting of 5 animals each. The animals in the first group, served as a control (group C), were fed a basal diet without any supplementation. The lambs in the second and third group were fed the basal diet supplemented with probiotic (group Y) or yeast culture (group YC), respectively. The probiotic consisted of live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisae) alone, while the yeast culture was composed of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the media on which it was grown. In group Y and YC, each lamb was supplemented daily with 0.5 g and 7.0 g of live yeast and yeast culture, respectively. Blood samples were collected before feeding the supplements and then every 15 days until the day 90th. Total and differential leucocytic counts, total protein, albumin, IgA, IgG and IgM levels were measured in blood. There were insignificant (p>0.05) variations in the levels of total and differential leucocytic counts and total protein among the groups throughout the experiment. However, significant differences (p<0.05) were found in globulin, IgA, IgG and IgM in both (Y) and (YC) groups, but the effect of yeast culture seems to be better than that of the probiotic. In conclusions, the obtained results indicate that the tested probiotic and yeast culture improve the immunological status of lambs.

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Authors and Affiliations

M.M. Mahmoud
I.M.I. Youssef
M.M. Abd El-Tawab
H.A. Bakr
N.A. Eissa
M.S. Hassan
N.D. Giadinis
S. Milewski
W. Baumgartner
P. Sobiech
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Abstract

Dieldrin and DDE are environmental metabolites of the organochlorine pesticides aldrin and DDT, respectively. During pregnancy, these chemicals can quickly infiltrate through the placental barrier, accumulate in amniotic fluid and fetus, and act as endocrine disruptors (EDs). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of DDE and dieldrin and their parental substances at concentrations of 1 and 10 ng/ml on secretion of PGE2 and PGF2α from bovine endometrial explants (120-150 and 151-180 days of pregnancy) after 24 hr of incubation with EDs. The mRNA expression of COX2, PGES and PGFS and the concentrations of PGE2 and PGF2α were measured. EDs did not affect (p>0.05) COX2 gene expression, but DDT and DDE decreased (p<0.05) PGES expression and PGE2 secretion in the explants from 120-150 days of pregnancy. Depending on the dose, DDT and DDE increased (p<0.05) PGFS expression and PGF2α secretion from the explants from 120-150 days and decreased PGF2α secretion (p<0.05) from the explants from 151-180 days of pregnancy. Aldrin and dieldrin decreased (p<0.05) PGFS expression and PGF2α secretion from all explants. In summary, EDs disrupt the secretion of PGE2 and PGF2α by influencing the gene expression of PGES and PGFS.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

J. Mlynarczuk
1
M.H. Wrobel
1
K. Dobrzyn
1

  1. Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Tuwima 10, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland
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Abstract

In this study, the cryoprotective effect of different doses of propolis (P) on bull semen, which has solid pharmacological properties thanks to its rich phenolic components, was investigated biochemically and physiologically. Semen samples were collected from Simmental breed bulls via the artificial vagina and pooled. After dividing into five groups, control (C: no additive) and four different P (200, 100, 50, and 25 μg/mL) groups, the final concentration was diluted to 16×106 per straw. Semen samples were equilibrated at 4°C for approximately 4 hours, then placed in French straws and frozen. After thawing, sperm motility and kinetic parameters, DNA integrity by single-cell gel electrophoresis, sperm abnormalities by liquid fixation, and lipid peroxidation levels by the colorimetric method was analyzed by Computer-Assisted Semen Analyzer. P added to the diluent showed no effect on motility and kinetic parameters at P25 and P50 (p>0.05), while P100 and P200 had a negative effect (p<0.001). The addition of P (25 and 50) showed a treatment effect on tail abnormality compared to C (p<0.05). Especially P50 had a positive effect on tail length, tail DNA, and tail movement, while P100 and P200 caused DNA damage (p<0.001). MDA levels increased in all P dose groups compared to C (p<0.001). This study has clearly demonstrated that P25 and P50 supplements could be used therapeutically to treat sperm tail abnormalities and prevent DNA damage in post-thawed bull sperm.
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Authors and Affiliations

D. Yeni
1
M.F. Gülhan
2
M.E. İnanç
3
F. Avdatek
1
Ş. Güngör
3
R. Türkmen
4
P.B. Tuncer
5
U. Taşdemir
6

  1. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Afyon Kocatepe University, Ahmet Necdet Sezer Campus, 03200, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
  2. Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Aksaray University, Hacilar Harmanı Street, 12. Boulevard No: 2, 68100, Aksaray, Turkey
  3. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Istiklal Campus, 15030, Burdur, Turkey
  4. Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ahmet Necdet Sezer Campus, 03200, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
  5. Technical Sciences Vocational School, Mersin University, Çiftlikköy Campus, 33343, Yenişehir, Mersin, Turkey
  6. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Aksaray University, Central Campus, 68100, Aksaray, Turkey
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Abstract

Obstructive Sleep Apnea is one common form of sleep apnea and is now tested by means of a process called Polysomnography which is time-consuming, expensive and also requires a human observer throughout the study of the subject which makes it inconvenient and new detection techniques are now being developed to overcome these difficulties. Heart rate variability has proven to be related to sleep apnea episodes and thus the features from the ECG signal can be used in the detection of sleep apnea. The proposed detection technique uses Support Vector Machines using Grid search algorithm and the classifier is trained using features based on heart rate variability derived from the ECG signal. The developed system is tested using the dataset and the results show that this classification system can recognize the disorder with an accuracy rate of 89%. Further, the use of the grid search algorithm has made this system a reliable and an accurate means for the classification of sleep apnea and can serve as a basis for the future development of its screening.
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Authors and Affiliations

K.K. Valavan
1
S. Manoj
1
S. Abishek
1
T.G. Gokull Vijay
1
A.P. Vojaswwin
1
J. Rolant Gini
1
K.I. Ramachandran
2

  1. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Coimbatore, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India
  2. Centre for Computational Engineering & Networking (CEN), Amrita School of Engineering, Coimbatore, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India
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Abstract

I n t r o d u c t i o n: Infective endocarditis (IE) is a potentially life-threatening condition. According to current ESC (European Society of Cardiology) guidelines, the use of antibiotic prophylaxis should only be reserved for specific dental procedures with interruption of consistency of the oral mucosa such as extractions and should be reserved for patients with the highest risk of developing IE. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of need for IE prophylaxis in defi ned clinical settings among Polish dentists.

Ma t e r i a l a n d Me t h o d s: A specially self-designed internet questionnaire was created concerning the topic of infective endocarditis prophylaxis in specifi c clinical scenarios for patients undergoing dental extractions during outpatient visits. Th e survey was made available to the dentists via internet and was active in March 2018.

R e s u l t s: There were 352 Polish dentists who completed the survey. Antibiotic prophylaxis for IE during dental extractions was used in 93% of cases with prior IE, 89% with artifi cial heart valve, 69% with biological valve, 28% with pacemaker, 54% with coronary stent, 73% with cyanotic heart defect, 58% with diabetes mellitus, 20% after prior myocardial infarction and 54% with heart valve disease. There was a significant relationship between the time of working as a physician (>15 years) and more outdated or improper IE prophylaxis (p = 0.04).

C on c l u s i o n s: The management of patients for infective endocarditis prophylaxis undergoing dental extractions is suboptimal. Antibiotic therapy is overused in some clinical scenarios and on the other hand underutilized in those recommended by the current ESC guidelines.

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Authors and Affiliations

Magdalena Homaj
Michał Szotek
Karol Sabatowski
Michał Zabojszcz
Bartłomiej W. Loster
Marcin Sadowski
Zbigniew Siudak
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Abstract

Coursing is a canine sport discipline invented for sighthounds. The dogs chase the mechanically operated lure on an open area at the track that consists of straight lines as well as turns. Thus, the dogs must rely mainly on their sight in order to chase the lure and to compete.
Whippets are the most popular sighthound breed in Poland and more and more dogs practice lure coursing on professional level. Several ocular disorders are known or presumed to be inherited in Whippets, so we decided to check how often they occur amongst competing dogs and if they have any impact on the results during competitions.
Forty-five regularly competing Whippets underwent complete ophthalmic examination, including evaluation of menace response, pupillary light reflex and dazzle reflex, biomicroscopic examination conducted before and after dilating pupils with topical tropicamide and fundus examination with indirect ophthalmoscopy. Refractive state of each eye was assessed via streak retinoscopy.
Ocular abnormalities were identified in 24 dogs (53.3%). The most common finding was vitreous degeneration identified in 9 dogs (20%), five dogs presented multiple lesions. There were no statistically significant differences regarding sex, age, and ranking points between the dogs with and without lesions.
However, some of the identified lesions are likely to progress, so we postulate that the ophthalmological examination should receive more attention in sport Whippets, to check if it has any impact on competing dogs at more advanced age.
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Authors and Affiliations

K. Miazga
1 2
J Tomkowicz
3
J Wilczak
4
A. Cywińska
5

  1. Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
  2. Municipal Zoological Garden in Warsaw, Ratuszowa 1/3, 03‑461 Warsaw, Poland
  3. Veterinary Ophtalmology Center “EyeVet”, Chałupnicza 67, 51-503 Wrocław, Poland
  4. Department of Physiology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
  5. Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Torun, Poland

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