1. Anduiza-Perea, Eva. 2002. Individual characteristics and electoral abstention in Western Europe. European Journal of Political Research, 42: 643–673. DOI:10.1111/1475-6765.00025.
2. Anduiza-Perea, Eva. 1999. ¿Individuos o Sistemas?: Las Razones de la Abstención en Europa Occidental. Madrid: Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas & Siglo Veintiuno de España Editores.
3. Bartkowski, Jerzy. 2003. Tradycja i polityka. Wpływ tradycji kulturowych polskich regionów na współczesne zachowania społeczne i polityczne. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Akademickie Żak.
4. Bell, Andrew, Kelvin Jones. 2013. The impossibility of separating age, period and cohort effects. Social Science & Medicine, 93: 163–165.
5. Belli, Robert F., Michael W. Traugott, Margaret Young, Katherine A. McGonagle. 1999. Reducing Vote Overreporting in Surveys: Social Desirability, Memory Failure, and Source Monitoring. Public Opinion Quarterly, 63, 1: 90–108.
6. Berelson, Bernard R., Paul Lazarsfeld, William McPhee. 1954. Voting: A Study of Opinion Formation in a Presidential Campaign. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
7. Bhatti, Yosef, Ed Fieldhouse, Kasper M. Hansen. 2020. It’s a Group Thing: How Voters go to the Polls Together. Political Behavior, 42, 1: 1–34. DOI: 10.1007/s11109-018-9484-2.
8. Bhatti, Yosef, Kasper M. Hansen 2012. Retiring from Voting: Turnout among Senior Voters, Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties, 22, 4: 479–500. DOI: 10.1080/17457289.2012.720577.
9. Blais, André. 2000. To Vote Or Not To Vote? The Merits and Limits of Rational Choice. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
10. Blais, André. 2010. Frekwencja wyborcza. Przekład Tomasz Płudowski. W: R. Dalton, H. D. Klingemann, red. 2010. Zachowania polityczne. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, 237–256.
11. Campbell, Angus, Robert Kahn. 1952. The People Elect a President. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
12. Campbell, Angus, Phillip Converse, Warren Miller, Donald Stokes. 1960. The American Voter. New York: Wiley.
13. Coleman, James S. 1990. Foundations of Social Theory. Cambridge (MA), London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
14. Colomer, Josep. 1991. Benefits and Costs of Voting. Electoral Studies, 10, 4: 313–325.
15. Converse, Phillip E. 1969. Of Time and Partisan Stability. Comparative Political Studies, 2, 2: 139-171.
16. Cześnik, Mikołaj. 2007. Partycypacja wyborcza w Polsce. Perspektywa porównawcza. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar.
17. Cześnik Mikołaj, Marta Żerkowska-Balas, Michał Kotnarowski. 2013. Voting as a habit in new democracies – Evidence from Poland. Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 46: 95–107.
18. Cześnik, Mikołaj, Marta Żerkowska-Balas, 2011. Głosowanie jako nawyk w nowych demokracjach – przykład Polski. Studia Socjologiczne, 201: 109–122.
19. Dahl, Robert. 1995. Demokracja i jej krytycy. Przekład Stefan Amsterdamski. Kraków: Znak.
20. Dahl, Robert. 2000. O demokracji. Przekład Stefan Amsterdamski. Kraków: Znak.
21. Dassonneville, Ruth. 2017. Age and Voting. W: K. Arzheimer, J. Evans, M. Lewis-Beck, eds. The SAGE Handbook of Electoral Behaviour. London: SAGE, 137–158.
22. Denny, Kevin, Orla Doyle. 2009. Does Voting History Matter? Analysing Persistence in Turnout. American Journal of Political Science, 53, 1: 17–35.
23. Dinas, Elias, Laura Stoker. 2014. Age-Period-Cohort analysis: A design-based approach. Electoral Studies, 33, 1: 28–40.
24. Dinas, Elias. 2012. The Formation of Voting Habits. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion & Parties, 22, 4: 431–456.
25. Downs, Anthony. 1957. An Economic Theory of Democracy. New York: Harper & Row.
26. Ferejohn, John A., Fiorina Morris. 1974: The Paradox of Not Voting: A Decision Theoretic Analysis. American Political Science Review, 68, 2: 525–536.
27. Franklin, Marc N. 1996. Electoral Participation. In: L. LeDuc, R. G. Niemi, P. Norris, eds. Comparing Democracies. Elections and Voting in Global Perspective. Thousand Oaks, London, New Delhi: Sage Publications, 216–235.
28. Franklin, Mark N. 2004. Voter Turnout and the Dynamics of Electoral Competition in Established Democracies Since 1945. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
29. Gallego, Aina. 2009. Where Else Does Turnout Decline Come From? Education, Age, Generation and Period Effects in Three European Countries. Scandinavian Political Studies, 32, 1: 23–44. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9477.2008.00212.x.
30. Heyns, Barbara, Ireneusz Białecki. 1991. Solidarnosc: Reluctant Vanguard or Makeshift Coalition? American Political Science Review, 85: 351–370.
31. Inglehart, Ronald. 1977. Silent Revolution: Changing Values and Political Styles Among Western Publics. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
32. Inglehart, Ronald. 1990. Culture Shift in Advanced Industrial Society. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
33. Kitschelt, Herbert, Zdenka Mansfeldova, Radosław Markowski, Gabor Toka. 1999. Post-Communist Party Systems: Competition, Representation, and Inter-Party Cooperation. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
34. Kolarska-Bobińska, Lena, Piotr Łukasiewicz, Zbigniew W. Rykowski, red. 1990. Wyniki badań – wyniki wyborów 4 czerwca 1989 roku. Warszawa: PTS.
35. Konzelmann, Laura, Corina Wagner, Hans Rattinger. 2012. Turnout in Germany in the course of time: Life cycle and cohort effects on electoral turnout from 1953 to 2049. Electoral Studies, 31, 2: 250–261. DOI: 10.1016/j.electstud.2011.11.006.
36. Kostelka, Filip, André Blais. 2021. The Generational and Institutional Sources of Global Decline in Voter Turnout. World Politics, 73, 4: 629–667. DOI: 10.1017/S0043887121000149.
37. Kotowska, Irena E. 1998. Teoria drugiego przejścia demograficznego a przemiany demograficzne w Polsce w latach 1990. Studia Demograficzne, 134, 4: 3–36.
38. Kotowska, Irena E. 2021. Sytuacja demograficzna Polski – diagnoza, perspektywy, główne wyzwania. W: T. Wróblewski, I.E. Kotowska, J. Piekutowski, S. Stodolak. Demografia, Zeszyty Gospodarcze nr 1. Warszawa: Warsaw Enterprise Institute, 16–40.
39. Lazarsfeld, Paul F., Bernard R. Berelson, Hazel Gaudet. 1944. The People’s Choice. New York: Columbia University Press.
40. Lijphart, Arend. 1997. Unequal Participation: Democracy’s Unresolved Dillema. American Political Science Review, 1: 1–14.
41. Linek, Lukáš, Ivan Petrúšek. 2016. What’s past is prologue, or is it? Generational effects on voter turnout in post-communist countries, 1990–2013. Electoral Studies, 42, 2: 78–90. DOI:10.1016/j.electstud.2016.02.002.
42. Linz, Juan José. 2000. Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
43. Linz, Juan José, Alfred Stepan. 1996. Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation: Southern Europe, South America, and Post-Communist Europe. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
44. Michalak, Bartłomiej. 2014. Czy młodzi Polacy głosują w wyborach do Parlamentu Europejskiego? Warszawa: Fundacja im. Stefana Batorego. https://repozytorium.umk.pl/handle/item/2618.
45. Mueller, Denis C. 1989. Public Choice II. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
46. Neundorf, Anja, Ksenia Northmore-Ball. 2021. Learning to Vote in Democratic and Authoritarian Elections. V-Dem Institute Working Papers, 2021: 41 https://www.v-dem.net/media/filer_public/c9/71/c97174ca-6e8b-4c6f-b91e-a3782a6ec829/uwp_41_final.pdf
47. Nowak, Stefan. 1970. Metodologia badań socjologicznych. Zagadnienia ogólne. Warszawa: PWN.
48. Norval, D. Glenn. 2007. Age, period, and cohort effects. In: G. Ritzer, ed. Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology. Malden, Oxford, Victoria: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 52–56.
49. Okólski, Marek. 2005. Demografia. Podstawowe pojęcia, procesy i teorie w encyklopedycznym zarysie. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar.
50. Ossowska, Maria. 1963. Koncepcja pokolenia. Studia Socjologiczne, 3, 2: 47–51.
51. Pacek, Alexander C. 1994. Macroeconomic Conditions and Electoral Politics in East Central Europe. American Journal of Political Science, 38, 3: 723–744.
52. Pacek, Alexander C., Grigore Pop-Eleches, Joshua A. Tucker. 2009. Disenchanted or Discerning: Voter Turnout in Post-Communist Countries. Journal of Politics, 71, 2: 473–491.
53. Pełczyńska-Nałęcz, Katarzyna. 1998. Postawy i zachowania polityczne – tendencje zmian w latach 1988–1995. W: W. Adamski, red. Polacy 95. Aktorzy i klienci transformacji. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo IFiS PAN.
54. Persson, Mikael, Hanna Wass, Henrik Oscarsson. 2013. The Generational Effect in Turnout in the Swedish General Elections, 1960–2010. Scandinavian Political Studies, 36, 3: 249–69.
55. Plutzer, Eric. 2002 Becoming a habitual voter: inertia, resources, and growth in young adulthood. American Political Science Review, 96, 1: 41–56.
56. Pop-Eleches, Grigore, Joshua Tucker. 2011. Communism’s Shadow: Postcommunist Legacies, Values, and Behavior. Comparative Politics, 43, 4: 379–399.
57. Pop-Eleches, Grigore, Joshua A. Tucker. 2017. Communism’s Shadow. Historical Legacies and Contemporary Political Attitudes. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
58. Raciborski, Jacek. 1989. Rytuał, plebiscyt czy wybory? Warszawa: Instytut Socjologii UW.
59. Raciborski, Jacek. 2011. Obywatelstwo w perspektywie socjologicznej. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
60. Riker, William H., Peter C. Ordeshook. 1968. A theory of the calculus of voting. American Political Science Review, 62, 1: 25–43.
61. Roper, Steven D., Florin Fesnic. 2003. Historical Legacies and Their Impact on Post-Communist Voting Behaviour. Europe-Asia Studies, 55, 1: 119–131.
62. Rosenstone, Steven J., John M. Hansen. 1993. Mobilization, Participation, and Democracy in America. New York, USA: Macmillan.
63. Smets Kaat, Anja Neundorf. 2014. The hierarchies of age-period-cohort research: political context and the development of generational turnout patterns. Electoral Studies, 33, 1: 41–-51.
64. Smets Kaat, Carolien van Ham. 2013. The embarrassment of riches? A meta-analysis of individual-level research on voter turnout. Electoral Studies, 32, 2: 344–359.
65. Sztompka, Piotr. 2002. Socjologia. Kraków: Znak.
66. Teixeira, Ruy A. 1992. The Disappearing American Voter. Washington: The Brooking Institution.
67. Topf, Richard. 1995. Electoral Participation. W: H.-D. Klingemann, D. Fuchs, eds. Citizens and the State. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 27–51.
68. Verba, Sidney, Norman H. Nie. 1972. Participation in America. Political Democracy and Social Equality. New York, NY: Harper and Row.
69. Verba, Sidney, Kay L. Schlozman, Henry E. Brady. 1995. Voice and Equality: Civic Voluntarism in American Politics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
70. Wass, Hanna. 2007. The Effects of Age, Generation and Period on Turnout in Finland 1975–2003. Electoral Studies, 26, 3: 648–659.
71. Wass, Hanna, André Blais. 2017. Turnout. W: K. Arzheimer, J. Evans, M. Lewis-Beck, eds. The SAGE Handbook of Electoral Behaviour. London: SAGE, 459–488.
72. Walczak, Agnieszka, Wouter van der Brug, Catherine E. de Vries. 2012. Long- and short-term determinants of party preferences: inter-generational differences in Western and East Central Europe. Electoral Studies, 31, 2: 273–284.
73. Wolfinger, Raymond E., Steven J. Rosenstone. 1980. Who Votes? New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
74. Worach-Kardas, Halina. 1983. Wiek a pełnienie ról społecznych. Warszawa, Łódź: PWN.
75. Zagórski, Piotr. 2021. Electoral Turnout in Central and Eastern Europe: The Legacies of Communist Socialisation. Europe-Asia Studies, 73, 10: 1797–1831. DOI: 10.1080/09668136.2021.1991892.
76. Zagórski, Piotr. 2022. Too Much to Choose from? The Long-Term Effects of Political Fragmentation on Electoral Turnout. Politics, 42, 3: 358–375. DOI: 10.1177/0263395720971210.
77. Zagórski, Piotr, Radosław Markowski. 2021. Persistent Legacies of the Empires: Partition of Poland and Electoral Turnout. East European Politics and Societies, 35, 2: 336–362. DOI: 10.1177/0888325420907678.
78. Żerkowska-Balas, Marta, Mateusz Zaremba. 2015. Partycypacja nowych wyborców. Fundacja im. Stefana Batorego. http://www.glosuj.org.pl/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/partycypacja_nowych_pelny.pdf