The paper is devoted to the problems of exergetic cost determination. A brief description of theoretical fundamentals of exergetic cost determination and its application are presented. The applied method of calculations is based on the rules of determination of cumulative exergy consumption. The additional possibilities ensured by the exergetic cost analysis in comparison to the direct exergy consumption analysis are discussed. The presented methodology was applied for the analysis of influence of operational parameters on exergetic cost indices of steam power plant. Results of calculations concern one of the modern Polish power plant unit. Basing on the obtained results several conclusions have been formulated that show advantages of application of exergetic cost analyses.
This article presents a concise overview of the achievements of synchronic research in the field Slavic linguistics carried out in Poland. Due to an enormous range of research topics, the author had to narrow her attention to selected grammatical phenomena, namely morphology (excluding word formation) and syntax, as well as to limit the scope of the analysis to books and monographs, to the exclusion of publications of a different nature.
On the basis of selected subfields in linguistics, the author describes some general trends and tendencies concerning both the choice of a theoretical framework as well as the subject matter. She distinguishes among three periods for which she seeks to determine the dominant features.
The analysis shows that during the last 60 years, and especially since the 1970s, Slavic linguistics has seen a steady growth and a search for new solutions in the field of grammar research. The growth is accompanied by an ever-increasing potential for contact with the trends occurring in global linguistics. However, one should not underestimate the achievements of Polish theoretical linguists, slavicists and specialists in Polish Studies, whose research findings encompass a detailed description of a wide range of linguistic issues and cover considerable language data.
Heating of steel or structural aluminum alloys at a speed of 2 to 50 K/min – characterizing the fire conditions – leads to a reduction in mechanical properties of the analyzed alloys. The limit of proportionality fp, real fy and proof f₀₂ yield limit, breaking strength fu and longitudinal limit of elasticity E decrease as the temperature increases. Quantitative evaluation of the thermal conversion in strengths of structural alloys is published in Eurocodes 3 and 9, in the form of dimensionless graphs depicting reduction coefficients and selected (tabulated) discrete values of mechanical properties. The author’s proposal for an analytical formulation of code curves describing thermal reduction of elasticity modulus and strengths of structural alloys recommended for an application in building structures is presented in this paper.