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Abstract

Utilizing cultural heritage in the process of urban regeneration of cities is becoming key principle that can guarantee creating sustainable spaces. Its role is accentuated even more nowadays with globalization processes exposing most parts of the world to similar influences. This research discusses the concept of urban regeneration as a comprehensive development approach and highlights the potential role of tangible, intangible and natural components of cultural heritage as leading actors in this approach. By studying the case of Bab Touma square, a historical urban square in Damascus, the research aims to set forth the importance of communicating those cultural elements as a mean to strengthening spatial identity and spatial attachment towards a space. The research adopts an analytical method and tracks the urban development phases of the square in order to define how they contributed to the change of the square’s image and identity, considering such urban spaces in the city with so many symbolic, cultural and historical values as generative points that could play a vital role in activating the process of urban regeneration of the city.
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Bibliography

Archive of General Directorate of Antiquities and Museum (DGAM) in Damascus, Syria.
Archive of Damascus Municipality in Damascus, Syria.
Alriz, A. (2006), Report of Traffic Management Project in old Damascus, Directorate of the Old City of Damascus.
Alsheikh, B. (2001), Old Damascus Gates — An Urban Study, Damascus University, Faculty of Architecture Archive for Master and PhD theses.
Alshihabi, Q. (1996), The Gates of Damascus and their Historical Events, Syrian Ministry of Culture publications.
Alpopi, C. Manole, C. (2013), ‘Integrated Urban Regeneration — Solution for Cities Revitalize’, International Economic Conference of Sibiu 2013 Post Crisis Economy: Challenges and Opportunities.
Al Basha, N. (2019), Spatial Identity as a Strategic Design Tool, The Case of Bab Touma Square in Damascus,
Syria, Szent István University, Faculty of Landscape Architecture and Urbanism Archive for Master and PhD theses, Budapest, Hungary.
Gražulevičiūtė, I. (2006), Cultural Heritage in the Context of Sustainable Development, Kaunas University of Technology.
James, P. (2015), Urban Sustainability in Theory and Practice — Circles of sustainability, Routledge.
Nocca, F. ‘The Role of Cultural Heritage in Sustainable Development: Multidimensional Indicators as Decision-Making Tool’, MDPI – Sustainability, 2017, 9, 1882; doi: 10.3390/su9101882.
Potts, A. (2016), The Position of Cultural Heritage in the New Urban Agenda - a Preliminary Analysis Prepared for ICOMOS, ICOMOS: Charenton-le-Pont, France.
Roperts, P., Sykes, H., Granger, R. (2017), Urban regeneration, SAGE Publications Ltd; Second edition.
Sabbouh, S., Almahayni, M.K., Fakoush, I., (1995), Damascus Old Historical Gates — A documentary and analytical study, Damascus University, Faculty of Architecture Archive for Master and PhD theses.
Shoura, M. (1987), History of the development of the urban city of Damascus, Damascus University, Faculty of Architecture Archive for Master and PhD theses.
United Nations (2015), Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, United Nations: New York, NY, USA. Available online: https://sdgs.un.org/2030agenda.
United Nations (2016), Draft Outcome Document of the United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development (Habitat III), United Nations: New York, NY, USA. Available online: https://unhabitat.org/about-us/new-urban-agenda.
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Authors and Affiliations

Nawarah Al Basha
ORCID: ORCID
Nebras Khadour
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences — MATE, Urban Planning and Garden Art, Institute of Landscape Architecture
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Abstract

The aim of the research was an examination of potential impact of milk yield on the intercompartmental clearance – distribution clearance as well as determination of the variability of obtained pharmacokinetic parameters by the population approach using a two-compartmental structural model. Blood perfusion has a considerable impact on physiology of the udder and kinetics of drugs that are distributed in this organ. The research was performed on healthy Holstein- Friesian and Polish Black-White cows at the age of 4-10 years. Determination of antibiotics (ampicillin, amoxicillin, cefoperazone, penicillin G prokaine, cloxacillin, cefacetril) concentration was carried out after their every intramammary administration to one quarter of the udder. A population pharmacokinetic model was created to fit milk concentration data. General milk yield of a single cow was used as a variable. A population analysis was conducted using non-linear mixed-effect modeling. The impact of milk productivity was set solely by reference to intercompartmental clearance only in case of penicillin G, cloxacillin and ampicillin. It, has been found that milk yield, depending on a drug, influenced the distribution clearance of the drug to varying degrees. It means indirectly that increased perfusion of the udder has a different impact on drug distribution from the udder to the bloodstream.
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Authors and Affiliations

T. Grabowski
A. Burmańczuk
B. Wojciechowska
C. Kowalski
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Abstract

A review is given on a number of colloidal phenomena with special reference to their applicability to nanoparticles. Phenomena addressed include preparation, electric double layers and their characterization, electrokinetics, van der Waals and Lifshits forces, electric and steric particle interaction.

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Authors and Affiliations

J. Lyklema
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Abstract

The paper deals with circuits, composed of bipolar transistors, diodes, resistors and independent voltage sources, having multiple DC solutions. An algorithm for tracing temperature characteristics, expressing the output signal in terms of the chip temperature, is developed. It is based on the efficient method for finding all the DC solutions sketched in this paper. The algorithm gives complete characteristics which are multivalued and usually composed of disconnected branches. On the other hand the characteristics provided by SPICE are fragmentary, lose some branches or exhibit apparent hysteresis.

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Authors and Affiliations

M. Tadeusiewicz
S. Hałgas

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