The article presents technological and measurement systems and methods for substrate preparation, production and purification of raw biogas, biogas storage, cogeneration, and processing of post-fermentation mass. Based on the existing infrastructure for biogas production from pig slurry, a model system for integrating objects in the AVEVA environment using integration mechanisms was demonstrated. The simulation used an imaging method, and the 3D model was used for technological simulations. The work presents simulation results that allow us to understand the availability of graphic imaging techniques at each stage, define and expand the library of typical errors and requirements for pipeline installations, structures and devices, facilitating the identification of design errors and accelerated introduction of corrections to the installation design.
The article features the use of integration of elements of a pilot biogas production installation in the AVEVA environment – innovative systems for heating the substrate and managing agricultural biogas production were implemented. A node for the production of raw biogas was indicated for the transport system of biogas produced in the fermentation tank, along with devices enabling the conduct, control and regulation of the fermentation process. The visualisation concerned integration of the biogas production technology diagram with the model environment for the created pipelines using integrator mechanisms.

The aim of the present paper is to analyse a 2008 translation of one of the most important texts written by E.T.A. Hoffmann Nussknacker und der Mäusekönig in translation by E. Zarych and published by the Cracow Instytut Baśni. The analysis focuses on grammatical errors and proves that (descriptive) grammar constitutes one of the fundaments of a successful (literary) translation. The listed types of mistakes concern both morphology and syntax and prove that a lack of grammar knowledge might lead to profound alterations of the author’s message, lack of logic in the text and deviations from the original.

Biocompatible coatings produced on the basis of the chemically extracted natural hydroxyapatite (HAp) from the animal bones were deposited using multiplex method comprising glow discharge nitriding (GDN) of the titanium alloy substrate and pulsed laser deposition (PLD) of HAp on the formerly fabricated titanium nitride layer (TiN). The TiN interlayer plays an important role improving adhesion of HAp to substrate and preserves the direct contact of the tissue with metallic substrate in the case of possible cracking of HAp coating. Surface morphology of deposited layers, crystallographic texture and residual stress were studied in relation to the type of laser applied to ablation (Nd:YAG or ArF excimer), laser repetition, temperature of substrate and atmosphere in the reactive chamber.

Architecture changes the environment. This process generates permanent, long-term effects and limits future development. The paper presents the impact of model methodology on the ability to predict the consequences of architectural designs and realizations. The categories of threats and model simulation strategies were ordered. The significance of the digital breakthrough in modeling is outlined in historical perspective and opportunities the paradigm shift creates are characterized.