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Abstract

The aim of this article is to illustrate the most frequent conceptualisations of depression in the contemporary Italian media discourse. The analyses presented in the paper are mainly based on the cognitive theory of metaphor by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson and form a part of a wider research topic regarding the differences in conceptualisation of depression depending on such factors as the language, the type of the discourse and the personal experience of the author concerning the state of depression. The study revealed that depression is represented the most frequently in the analysed corpus through the frame of disease, and by the metaphors DEPRESSION IS AN ENEMY and DEPRESSION IS A LOCATION, often situated down and taking the form of a container. Less numerous and regular were other kinds of its personifications and representations of depression as an object or danger.

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Authors and Affiliations

Anna Kuncy-Zając
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Abstract

The durability of building structures reinforced by steel is one of the main concerns in civil engineering. Currently, research in the field is focused on the possibility of replacing steel with relatively corrosion-resistant reinforcement, such as BFRP (Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymers) bars. The behaviour of BFRP bars during compression has not yet been determined. The experimental results pertaining to BFRP bars subjected to compression were presented and discussed in the paper. The research program involved the preparation of 45 BFRP samples with varying unbraced length and nominal diameter of 8 mm that were subjected to compression. For samples with the unbraced length of up to 85 mm, the destruction was caused by crushing. The bars with the unbraced length greater than 120 mm were destroyed as a result of global buckling of the bar and subsequent fiber kinking. Based on the relationship between the buckling load strength – unbraced length, the optimal unbraced length of BFRP bar was determined, for which buckling load strength reaches its maximum value. The buckling load strength decreased, as the unbraced length increased. The values of modulus of elasticity under compression for variable unbraced lengths were slightly different for the samples, and were similar to the modulus of elasticity obtained at the tensile testing. The relationship between the buckling load strength and the unbraced length of BFRP bars was determined. This may contribute to the optimization of the transverse reinforcement spacing in compressed elements and to the development of standard provisions in the area of elements reinforced with FRP bars being subjected to compression.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marek Urbański
1
ORCID: ORCID
Kostiantyn Protchenko
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Al. Armii Ludowej 16, 00-637 Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

The author, as a former pupil of the title figure of this paper, and as a leading his cooperator in numerous creative works, recalls memoires and presents an analysis of the personality of late professor of architectute, J. Tadeusz Gawłowski. The paper represents both – objective and official features of chronicle, hence also introduces readers into more personal secrets of the outstanding architect: creator, scholar and academic teacher – being simultaneously a picturesque and friendly person. He was connected mainly with Kraków University of Technology, but sharing also his activity in order to fulfill needs of three other, important academic schools.

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Authors and Affiliations

Maciej Złowodzki

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