Bullying at work is a long-standing area of research interest that requires investigation of the role of the individual exposed to systematic negative behaviour. Studies using cross-sectional samples and broad personality measures have found some distinguishing personal characteristics of employees who are bullied compared to others. Few, however have applied theoretical frameworks to explain why personality can play a part in why an individual ends up at the receiving end of bullying and harassment at work. This article applies an overall and specific theoretical model, the vulnerability thesis, to investigating the role of temperament in relation to workplace bullying. The results show that (1) some employees exposed to bullying at work also acted as perpetrators (provocative victims), that (2) exposure to bullying at work is connected with temperamental emotional vulnerability, and that (3) hostility and self-oriented aggression mediate the role of personality in the form of temperament in relation to workplace bullying. Strengths and weaknesses and potential practical implications for helpers of employees exposed to bullying at work are discussed.
The major task of this paper is to show and discuss the tools, techniques and strategies which affect the development of phraseological competence in foreign languages. First, the author will investigate a wide range of available dictionaries as well as French textbooks. Then, the selected techniques and phraseo-didactic strategies will be explored. Finally, the author will provide an in-depth review of the method according to which the discussed techniques and strategies have been put in practice in the selected texts on phraseo-didactics
The aim of this work was to induce permanent birefringence both in typical liquid crystal cells and photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) by photo-polymerization. For this purpose three different liquid crystalline materials, namely E7, 5CB, and 6CHBT were combined with a mixture of RM257 monomer and a UV sensitive initiator with the percentage weight less than 10%. Due to the photo-polymerization process it was possible to achieve polymer-stabilized liquid crystal orientation inside LC cells and micro-sized cylindrical glass tubes. In particular, periodic change in spatial molecular orientation was achieved by selective photo-polymerization. Successful results obtained in these simple geometries allowed for the experimental procedure to be repeated in PCFs leading to locally-induced permanent birefringence in PCFs.
The present paper analyses the self-portrait of Isabelle Eberhardt emerging from the letters she wrote to three men: her brother Augustin de Moerder, her friend Ali Abdul Wahab and her husband Slimène Ehnni. The paper is divided into three parts. The first one discusses her desire of Orient, the second shows her will of annihilating herself and the last one focuses on the power of the desert which helps the writer to find the desired calm.
The species of the brachiopod genus Terebratella d'Orbigny, which does not correspond to any one reported hitherto from the upper Eocene-? lower Oligocene La Meseta Formation of Seymour Island, West Antarctica but showing a strong affinity to the Recent T. inconspicua (Sowerby), is described.
The author reviews the main elements of Richard Münch’s academic capitalism theory. By introducing categories like “audit university” or “entrepreneurial university,” the German sociologist critically sets the present academic management model against the earlier, modern-era conception of academic research as an “exchange of gifts.” In the sociological and psychological sense, the latter is a social communication structure rooted in traditional social lore, for instance the potlatch ceremonies celebrated by some North-American Indian tribes which Marcel Mauss described. Münch shows the similarities between that old “gift exchanging” model and the contemporary one with its focus on the psychosocial fundamentals of scientific praxis, and from this gradually derives the academic capitalism conception. His conclusion is the critical claim that science possesses its own, inalienable axiological autonomy and anthropological dimension, which degenerate in result of capitalism’s “colonisation” of science by means of state authority and money (here Münch refers to Jürgen Habermas’s philosophical argumentation). The author also offers many of his own reflections on the problem, which allows Münch’s analyses to be viewed in a somewhat broader context.
Zjawiska dynamiczne – zarówno pochodzenia antropogenicznego, jak i naturalnego – występują zazwyczaj nieoczekiwanie i ujawniają się z dużą prędkością. Zmiany morfologii powierzchni terenu cechują się w takich przypadkach dużą gwałtownością, a rejony ich występowania nie podlegają najczęściej stałemu monitoringowi naziemnemu. Z tego względu kompleksowe opisanie skutków zaistnienia zjawisk tego typu – zwłaszcza po upływie pewnego czasu od ich wystąpienia – jest trudne, a często niemożliwe. J ednocześnie, dla badań nad charakterystykami jakościowymi i ilościowymi zjawisk dynamicznych, wartości i kierunki przemieszczeń powierzchni terenu będące ich wynikiem mają duże znaczenie. Zastosowanie satelitarnej interferometrii radarowej w badaniach zmian rzeźby powierzchni terenu wywołanych przez zjawiska takie jak trzęsienia ziemi jest już od pewnego czasu rutyną. N iemniej misja S entinel, która prowadzona jest przez Europejską Agencję Kosmiczną, stwarza nowe możliwości prowadzenia monitoringu na obszarach, na których wystąpiły zjawiska o charakterze dynamicznym. Autorzy postanowili sprawdzić, czy wstrząs pochodzenia górniczego generuje ruchy powierzchni terenu oraz zbadać, w jakiej odległości od epicentrum mają one miejsce oraz określić rząd wielkości ruchów tego typu. Analizy interferometryczne, które oparto na metodzie satelitarnej interferometrii różnicowej DInSAR na podstawie zobrazowań radarowych pochodzących z misji S entinel pozwoliły na uzyskanie odpowiedzi na te pytania.
Regeneration – an integrated process of activities undertaken in the spatial, social and economic dimensions – should lead to the improvement of the living conditions of inhabitants of degraded urban areas. The European Union in 2007- 2013 allocated financial resources for this purpose in the form of JESSICA initiative which is based on financial engineering mechanism. Experiences gained so far allow conclusions to be drawn that JESSICA is a highly fi nancially-effi cient instrument but, however, not always delivers the desired outcomes in the spatial and social sphere. The scope of projects often is limited to infrastructural investments and does not reflect the complexity of regeneration process. In the article the authors analyse experiences of the five Polish regions with the use of JESSICA, point out main problems and formulate recommendations for sustainable urban policy.
Early blight disease caused by Alternaria sp. is one of the most devastating diseases of
Solanaceous crops widely distributed in Sudan. The aim of this study was to determine the
genetic variation among different Alternaria isolates recovered from different Solanaceae
crops showing typical symptoms of early blight disease. Infected leaves of tomato, potato,
eggplant and pepper were collected from different geographical zones in Sudan. The recovered
fungal isolates were identified to the genus level based on cultural and morphological
characteristics. Five representative isolates were sent to the CABI Bioscience, U.K. for confirmation.
The genetic relationship among the isolates was determined using the amplified
fragments length polymorphism (AFLP) technique and the generated data were used to
create similarity matrices using the PAST 3.01 software package. Dendrograms were constructed
based on Jaccard’s similarity coefficients. A total of 70 fungal isolates was recovered
from the tested plants and all of them showed morphological characteristics typical
of Alternaria spp. The conidia appeared in multiple-branched chains with spore sizes in
the range of 2.38−13.09 μm × 12.30−43.63 μm. Therefore, the isolates were identified as
Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl. The identification was then confirmed by CABI.AFLPbased
dendrogram which revealed five clusters with a significant cophenetic correlation
coefficient (r = 0.834) between the dendrogram and the original similarity matrix irrespective
of their geographical origins. Eighteen (75%) of the Alternaria isolated from tomato
leaves were clustered together in cluster I and five isolates formed two separate clusters,
viz. cluster IV (T-Kh5 and T-H1) and cluster V (T-H4 and T-Med2). The remaining isolate,
T-Am5, grouped with one of the potato isolates in cluster III. The other isolates which were
recovered from potato, pepper and eggplants were all separated from the tomato isolates
in the largest cluster.