The specific working conditions of the wind turbine in strong wind cause a number of problems in the measurement of noise indicators used in its short and long-term assessment. The wind is a natural working environment of the turbine, but it also affects the measurement system, moreover, it can be a secondary source of other sounds that interfere with the measurement. One of the effective methods of eliminating the direct impact of wind on the measurement system is placing the microphone on the measurement board at ground level. However, the obtained result can not be directly compared with the admissible values, as it has to be converted to a result at a height of 4 m. The results of previous studies show that this relation depends, inter alia, on the speed and direction of the wind. The paper contains the results of measurements on the measurement board, according to EN 61400-11:2013, and at a height of 4 m above ground made simultaneously in three points around the 2 MW turbine at various instantaneous speeds and changing wind directions. Analysis of the impact of measuring point location on the measurement result of noise indicators and the occurrence of additional features affecting the relationship between the values measured on the board and at the height of 4 m, and especially the tonality, amplitude modulation and content of low frequency content, was m
Richard B. Brand, twórca podręcznika Etyka. Zagadnienia etyki normatywnej i metaetyki, oraz Richard M. Hare, autor książki Myślenie moralne: jego płaszczyzny, metody i istota, w swoich dziełach nawiązali dyskusję, która wniosła istotne argumenty do debaty nad zagadnieniem relatywizmu etycznego. Brandt analizuje dwie trudności, z którymi mierzy się Hare. Pierwsza dotyczy akceptacji niewolnictwa na gruncie utylitaryzmu. Według Brandta koncepcja Hare’a broni się przed tym zarzutem dzięki zawartemu w niej wymogowi uniwersalizacji. Natomiast Brandt zarzuca Hare’owi, że zgodnie z jego założeniami różni ludzie mogą formułować w sposób poprawny sprzeczne twierdzenia etyczne. W artykule zostają przedstawione argumenty za tym, że teoria Hare’a uniemożliwia uzasadnienie na jej gruncie sprzecznych twierdzeńetycznych, nie wyklucza jednak możliwości usprawiedliwienia takich praktyk jak niewolnictwo.
The work presents investigation on the water droplet impingement at a substrate with three different surface coating. The experiments are carried out for two temperatures of the surface: 23ºC (room temperature) and -10ºC. The water droplet contact is recorded via ultra-fast camera and simultaneously via fast thermographic camera. The wetting properties are changing for subzero temperatures of substrates.
In 2018 we celebrate the 250th anniversary of the Jędrzej Śniadecki’s birth. This work aims to show the importance of his thoughts for the development of natural sciences. He studied at some of the largest universities in Europe, where he met great scientists of the Enlightenment. The effects can be seen in his works. He was remembered as a founder of Polish biochemistry, anthropology and pathology, also as the author of chemical terminology and language. The essence of his thoughts is Theory of organic being, which is an attempt to answer the question: „what is life?”. Jędrzej Śniadecki introduced a new definition of life based on the term „organic power”. This work shows how import are the thoughts of Jędrzej Śniadecki in the context of the times in which he lived, as well as the following development of natural sciences, what makes him and his theories worth memory.