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Non-invasive Ultrasound Doppler Effect Based Method of Liquid Flow Velocity Estimation in Pipe

Pawel Biernacki Stanislaw Gmyrek Wladyslaw Magiera
Archives of Acoustics | 2023 | vol. 48 | No 1 | 141-148 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2023.144268
Keywords information fusion flow velocity Doppler effect
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Abstract

This paper discusses the estimation of flow velocity from a multi-sensor scenario. Different estimation methods were used, which allow the effective measurement of the actual Doppler shift in a noisy environment, such as water with air bubbles, and on this basis the estimation of the flow velocity in the pipe was calculated. Information fusion is proposed for the estimates collected. The proposed approach focuses on the density of the fluid. The proposed method is capable of determining the flow velocity with high accuracy and small variations. Simulation results for plastic and steel (both galvanized and non-galvanized) pipes show the possibility of accurate fluid flow measurements without the need for sensors inside the pipe.
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Authors and Affiliations

Pawel Biernacki
1
Stanislaw Gmyrek
1
Wladyslaw Magiera
1
  1. Faculty of Electronics, Photonics and Microsystems, Department of Acoustics, Multimedia and Signal Processing, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland

Refinement of the Manufacturing Route and Evaluation of the Reinforcement Effect of MAX Phases in Al Alloy Matrix Composite Materials

A. Dmitruk K. Naplocha A. Żak A. Strojny-Nędza
Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2024 | vol. 24 | No 1 | 141-148 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2024.149262
Keywords MAX phases Composite Squeeze casting SHS synthesis Pressure infiltration
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Abstract

Microwave Assisted Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis (MASHS) was used to prepare open-porous MAX phase preforms in Ti-Al-C and Ti-Si-C systems, which were further used as reinforcements for Al-Si matrix composite materials. The pretreatment of substrates was investigated to obtain open-porous cellular structures. Squeeze casting infiltration was chosen to be implemented as a method of composites manufacturing. Process parameters were adjusted in order to avoid oxidation during infiltration and to ensure the proper filling. Obtained materials were reproducible, well saturated and dense, without significant residual porosity or undesired interactions between the constituents. Based on this and the previous work of the authors, the reinforcement effect was characterized and compared for both systems. For the Al-Si+Ti-Al-C composite, an approx. 4-fold increase in hardness and instrumental Young's modulus was observed in relation to the matrix material. Compared to the matrix, Al-Si+Ti-Si-C composite improved more than 5-fold in hardness and almost 6-fold in Young's modulus. Wear resistance (established for different loads: 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 MPa) for Al-Si+Ti-Al-C was two times higher than for the sole matrix, while for Al-Si+Ti-Si-C the improvement was up to 32%. Both composite materials exhibited approximately two times lower thermal expansion coefficients than the matrix, resulting in enhanced dimensional stability.
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Authors and Affiliations

A. Dmitruk
1
ORCID: ORCID
K. Naplocha
1
ORCID: ORCID
A. Żak
2
A. Strojny-Nędza
3
  1. Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Lightweight Elements Engineering, Foundry and Automation, Poland
  2. Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Materials, Poland
  3. Łukasiewicz Institute of Microelectronics and Photonics, Poland

Analysis of triple metal surrounding gate (TM-SG) III–V nanowire MOSFET for photosensing application

S.K. Sharma A. Jain B. Raj
Opto-Electronics Review | 2018 | vol. 26 | No 2 | 141-148
Keywords ATLAS-3D Dark current Photosensor Quantum efficiency Responsivity TM-SG nanowire MOSFET
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Abstract

In this paper, a low power highly sensitive Triple Metal Surrounding Gate (TM-SG) Nanowire MOSFET photosensor is proposed which uses triple metal gates for controlling short channel effects and III–V compound as the channel material for effective photonic absorption. Most of the conventional FET based photosensors that are available use threshold voltage as the parameter for sensitivity comparison but in this proposed sensor on being exposed to light there is a substantial increase in conductance of the GaAs channel underneath and, thereby change in the subthreshold current under exposure is used as a sensitivity parameter (i.e., Iillumination/IDark). In order to further enhance the device performance it is coated with a shell of AlxGa1-xAs which effectively passivates the GaAs surface and provides a better carrier confinement at the interface results in an increased photoabsorption. At last performance parameters of TM-SG Bare GaAs Nanowire MOSFET are compared with TM-SG core-shell GaAs/AlGaAs Nanowire MOSFET and the results show that Core-Shell structures can be a better choice for photodetection in visible region.

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Authors and Affiliations

S.K. Sharma
A. Jain
B. Raj

Phase compensation scheme for feedforward linearized CMOS operational transconductance amplifier

S. Szczepański S. Kozieł
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2004 | vol. 52 | No 2 | 141-148
Keywords CMOS transconductor phase compensation active-error feedforward
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Abstract

In the paper, a feedforward linearization method for differential-pair operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) is discussed.

The proposed technique is developed using simple differential pair transconductors and linear reference resistor. The concept leads not only to very efficient linearization ofa transfer characteristic oft he OTA but also others the possibility of effffective phase compensation. Due to this, the circuit can be used in applications requiring precise phase response (e.g. filters). SPICE simulations show that for the circuit working with a ±1.25V power supply, total harmonic distortion (THD) at 0.8Vpp is less then 0.1% in comparison to 10.2% without linearization. Moreover, the input voltage range ofline ar operation is increased. Power consumption oft he overall circuit is 0.94mW. The 3rd order elliptic filter example has been designed and simulated. It turns out that the proposed compensation scheme significantly improves the performance of the filter at higher frequencies.

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Authors and Affiliations

S. Szczepański
S. Kozieł

Representations of the United States in 19th-Century Warsaw Press. A review of Anna Stocka, "Oblicza Ameryki. Stany Zjednoczone w świetle prasy warszawskiej z lat 1865–1877" [ Faces of America: The United States in the Warsaw Press, 1865–1877], Oświęcim 2016

Paweł Hamera
Rocznik Historii Prasy Polskiej | 2018 | t.21 | z.4 | 141-148
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Authors and Affiliations

Paweł Hamera

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