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Abstract

The automotive industry requires more and more light materials with good strength and formability at the same time. The answer to this type of demands are, among others, aluminium alloys of the 6xxx series, which are characterized by a high strength-to-weight ratio and good corrosion resistance. Different material state can affect formability of AlMgSi sheets. These study analysed the influence of heat treatment conditions on the drawability of the sheet made of 6082 aluminium alloy. The studies on mechanical properties and plastic anisotropy for three orientations (0, 45, 90°) with respect to the rolling direction were carried out. The highest plasticity was found for the material in the 0 temper condition. The influence of heat treatment conditions on the sheet drawability was analysed using the Erichsen, Engelhardt-Gross, Fukui and AEG cupping tests. It was found that the material state influenced the formability of the sheet. In the case of bulging, the sheet in the annealed state was characterized by greater drawability, and in the deep drawing process, greater formability was found for the naturally aged material.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Łukasz Kuczek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marcin Mroczkowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Paweł Turek
1

  1. AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Non-Ferrous Metals, Cracow, Poland
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Abstract

The Arctic Ocean, which emerges from melting ice, promises access to and exploitation of natural and biological resources and exploration of new shipping routes, but also brings new hazards to the environment.

The article analyses freedom of fishing in the open sea in light of international law. The author discusses rules on fishing within open sea enclaves, namely Barents Sea Loophole and Bering Sea Donut Hole. The Greenpeace is campaigning to establish a natural sanctuary in the Arctic Ocean and introduce a strict prohibition on commercial exploitation of natural resources, including on fishing, and imposition of certain limitations on naval activity. This idea was endorsed by the European Parliament in their resolution of 12 March 2014 on the EU Strategy for the Arctic (2013/2595(RSP)).

Finally, the article reviews negotiations between five arctic states and their initially agreed positions on commercial fishing in the open sea in the central Arctic Ocean (the Nuuk Meeting, February 2014).

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Authors and Affiliations

Janusz Symonides
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Abstract

The authors developed a simple and efficient method, called the Coupled Displacement method, to study the linear free vibration behavior of the moderately thick rectangular plates in which a single-term trigonometric/algebraic admissible displacement, such as total rotations, are assumed for one of the variables (in both X,Y directions), and the other displacement field, such as transverse displacement, is derived by making use of the coupling equations. The coupled displacement method makes the energy formulation to contain half the number of unknown independent coefficients in the case of a moderately thick plate, contrary to the conventional Rayleigh-Ritz method. The smaller number of undetermined coefficients significantly simplifies the vibration problem. The closed form expression in the form of fundamental frequency parameter is derived for all edges of simply supported moderately thick rectangular plate resting on Pasternak foundation. The results obtained by the present coupled displacement method are compared with existing open literature values wherever possible for various plate boundary conditions such as all edges simply supported, clamped and two opposite edges simply supported and clamped and the agreement found is good.

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Authors and Affiliations

Korabathina Rajesh
Koppanati Meera Saheb
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Abstract

In 2019, a 15th-century print entitled The Tower of Wisdom kept by the Kórnik Library in Poland was subjected to scientific examination. The main purpose of the examination of the hand-coloured image was the identification of the technique of the application of the text and the illustrations. The conducted examination proved a thesis that it is an example of xylographic print. Moreover, the elemental composition of the paint layer was analysed, revealing no colours which were not used in the period of the object’s origin.
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Authors and Affiliations

Tomasz Kozielec
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mirosław Wachowiak
2

  1. Wydział Sztuk Pięknych UMK
  2. Zakład Konserwacji i Restauracji Sztuki Nowoczesnej UMK

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