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Abstract

A hybrid artificial boundary condition (HABC) that combines the volume-based acoustic damping layer (ADL) and the local face-based characteristic boundary condition (CBC) is presented to enhance the absorption of acoustic waves near the computational boundaries. This method is applied to the prediction of aerodynamic noise from a circular cylinder immersed in uniform compressible viscous flow. Different ADLs are designed to assess their effectiveness whereby the effect of the mesh-stretch direction on wave absorption in the ADL is analysed. Large eddy simulation (LES) and FW-H acoustic analogy method are implemented to predict the far-field noise, and the sensitivities of each approach to the HABC are compared. In the LES computed propagation field of the fluctuation pressure and the frequency-domain results, the spurious reflections at edges are found to be significantly eliminated by the HABC through the effective dissipation of incident waves along the wave-front direction in the ADL. Thereby, the LES results are found to be in a good agreement with the acoustic pressure predicted using FW-H method, which is observed to be just affected slightly by reflected waves.

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Authors and Affiliations

Ruixian Ma
Zhansheng Liu
Con J. Dooloan
Danielle J. Moreau
Michał Czarnecki
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Abstract

The field investigations concerning water and peat bog communities on the territory of Trzebinia in 2000 revealed their little diversity caused by a small number of large water bodies and performed betterment drainages. 12 syntaxa were distinguished which represent 5 classes: Lemnetea minor is (I), Potametea (6), Utricularietea intermedio-minoris (I), Littorelletea uniflorae (I), Scheuchzerio-Caricetea nigrae (I). Among described units 3 plant associations are endangered within Upper Silesia: Myriophylletum verticillati, Hottonietum palustris, Valeriano-Caricetum flavae (montane plant association).
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Authors and Affiliations

Stanisław Cabała
Alicja Suder
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Abstract

The 17-4 PH Stainless Steel material is known for its higher strength and, therefore, extensively used to build structures for aerospace, automotive, biomedical, and energy applications. The parts must operate satisfactorily in different environmental conditions to widen the diverse application. The selective laser melting (SLM) technique build parts cost-effectively, ensuring near-net shape manufacturability. Laser power, scan speed, and hatch distance operating at different conditions were used to develop parts and optimize for higher density in printed parts. Laser power, scan speed, and hatch distance resulted in the percent contribution towards density equal to 73.74%, 24.48%, and 1.78%. The optimized conditions resulted in higher density and relative density equal to 7.76 g/cm 3 and 99.48%. Printed parts' corrosion rate and wear loss showed more stability in NaCl corrosive medium even at 75 °C than 1M of HCL corrosive medium. Less pitting corrosion was observed on the samples treated in NaCl solution at 25 °C and 75 °C at 72 Hrs than in HCL solution. Therefore, 17-4 PH SS parts are best suited even in marine applications.
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Authors and Affiliations

Priya Sahadevan
1
Chithirai Pon Selvan
2
ORCID: ORCID
G C Manjunath Patel
3
ORCID: ORCID
Amiya Bhaumik
1

  1. Lincoln University College Selangor, Malaysia
  2. Curtin University Dubai, United Arab Emirates
  3. PES Institute of Technology and Management, Shivamogga, Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, India
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Abstract

Among the technologies which allow to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, mainly of carbon dioxide, special attention deserves the idea of 'zero-emission' technology based on boilers working in oxy-combustion technology. In the paper a thermodynamic analysis of supercritical power plant fed by lignite was made. Power plant consists of: 600 MW steam power unit with live steam parameters of 650°C/30 MPa and reheated steam parameters of 670°C/6 MPa; circulating fluidized bed boiler working in oxy-combustion technology; air separation unit and installation of the carbon dioxide compression. Air separation unit is based on high temperature membrane working in three-end technology. Models of steam cycle, circulation fluidized bed boiler, air separation unit and carbon capture installation were made using commercial software. After integration of these models the net electricity generation efficiency as a function of the degree of oxygen recovery in high temperature membrane was analyzed.
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Authors and Affiliations

Janusz Kotowicz
Adrian Balicki
Sebastian Michalski
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Abstract

A comprehensive comparison of the dynamic and steady state performance characteristics of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) with interior and surface rotor magnets for line-start operation is presented. The dynamic model equations of the PMSM, with damper windings, are utilized for dynamic studies. Two typical loading scenarios are examined: step and ramp loading. The interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) showed superior asynchronous performance under no load, attaining faster synchronism compared to the surface permanent magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM). With step load of 10 Nm at 2 s the combined effect of the excitation and the reluctance torque forced the IPMSM to pull into synchronism faster than the SPMSM which lacks saliency. The ability of the motors to withstand gradual load increase, in the synchronous mode, was examined using ramp loading starting from zero at 2 s. SPMSM lost synchronism at 12 s under 11 Nm load while the IPMSM sustained synchronism until 41 seconds under 40 Nm load. This clearly suggests that the IPMSM has superior load-withstand capability. The superiority is further buttressed with the steady state torque analysis where airgap torque in IPMSM is enhanced by the reluctance torque within 90E to 180E torque angle.
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Authors and Affiliations

Cosmas Uchenna Ogbuka
Cajethan Nwosu
Marcel Agu
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Abstract

Introduction: Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) is a Gram-positive, anaerobic rod-shaped bacteria, widely spread in the human environment. In the last decade, the frequency and severity of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) have been increasing, making this particular disease one of the most significant nosocomial infections. The aim of our study was an analysis of CDI risk factors, its course and consequences.

Materials and Methods: Medical documentation of the patients treated for CDI in the University Hospital in Cracow and St Anne’s Hospital in Miechów has been analysed. The analysis focused on epidemiological data, blood parameters, comorbidities, recurrence rate, and complication rate (deaths included). As part of risk factors analysis, antibiotic use or hospitalisation in a period of 3 months before the episode of infection was considered relevant. Blood tests have been performed using routinely employed, standard methods.

Results: We evaluated data of 168 people infected with C. difficile, out of which there were 102 women (61%) and 66 men (39%). Th e median age of the patients was 74 years for the entire population with 76 years for women and 71 years for male patients. One hundred thirteen people (67%) had been previously hospitalised, and 5 person was a pensioner of a nursing home. 99 people (59%) were treated with antibiotics within 3 months before the first episode of infection. An average length of the hospital stay because of CDI was 11 days. One hundred thirty persons (77%) experienced only 1 episode whereas 38 people (23%) had more than 1 episode of infection. The person with the largest number of recurrences had 9 of them.

Conclusions: The development of CDI is an increasing problem in a group of hospitalised persons, particularly of an old age. The general use of beta-lactam antibiotics is the cause of a larger number of infections with C. diffi cile. Vast majority of patients have had at least one typical risk factor of CDI development.

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Authors and Affiliations

Mirosław Dróżdż
Grażyna Biesiada
Anna Piątek
Magdalena Świstek
Mateusz Michalak
Katarzyna Stażyk
Aleksander Garlicki
Jacek Czepiel
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Abstract

The topic of this paper is the description of the General Contractor Selection procedure using the AHP method. Another aim of this paper – within the scope of decision-making – is the determination of the potential General Contractor’s evaluation criteria and the selection of the best Bidder using the AHP method. We included the description of the conducted tender proceeding for the purpose of the procurement’s subject. As the decision-making options, we adopted four construction companies that submitted their bid. A key element of the studies was the paired comparison of all hierarchical structure elements. We estimated the local weighting coefficients and global priorities of particular decision-making options as well as analysed the vulnerabilities of the obtained results.

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Authors and Affiliations

M. Książek
P. Ciechowicz
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Abstract

Constructions expressing the separation of a part from the whole which arose independently on the two ends of the Slavic land are presented in the article. The analyzed phenomena, resulting from interference of Slavic and non Slavic languages (Greek and German), are relevant to some South Slavic and Kashubian dialects. The semantic structure of these constructions is proposed and it is shown how their relevant semantic features are expressed in sentences. One of them is the definiteness of the object from which a certain part is detached. It is concluded that Bulgarian and Macedonian on the one hand and Kashubian dialects on the other are characterised by similar level of details expressing the semantic structure of the analyzed sentences despite different grammatical structures of these languages.
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Authors and Affiliations

Małgorzata Korytkowska
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Instytut Slawistyki PAN, Warszawa
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Abstract

This review covers aspects of soil science and soil biology of Antarctica with special focus on King George Island, South Shetlands, the martitime Antarctic. New approaches in soil descriptions and soil taxonomy show a great variety of soil types, related to different parent material, mainly volcanic origin, as well as on influences by soil biological processes. The spread of higher rooting plants attract microorga nisms, nematodes and collemboles which in turn build new organic material and change the environment for further successors. Microbial communities are drivers with respect to metabolic and physiological properties indicating a great potential in a changing environment. The literature review also shows a lack of investigations on processes of carbon and nitrogen turnover, despite wide knowledge on its standing stock in different environments. Further , only few reports were found on the processes of humification. Only few data are available which can be regarded as long term monitorings, hence, such projects need to be established in order to follow ecological changes.
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Authors and Affiliations

Manfred Bölter
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Abstract

The famous English novelist, poet and essayist, Gilbert Keith Chesterton (1874–1936) approached the problem of evil differently from many 20th century writers, for example Thomas Mann ( Doctor Faustus) or Bulgakov ( The Master and Margarita). For him, the devil is a real and threatening figure, a true and powerful adversary, not an abstract force. The demon is fostered by the European crisis of values, manifested by an increasingly widespread ethical relativism. In his novels and articles Chesterton calls for dissent from evil, referring to tradition, mainly Christian. He calls for heroism and defence of faith, convinced that victory over the devil and evil, or the triumph of good is possible. The fight against the devil becomes the duty of every Christian in our times.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jan Tomkowski

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