This paper presents and assesses an inverse heat conduction problem (IHCP) solution procedure which was developed to determine the local convective heat transfer coefficient along the circumferential coordinate at the inner wall of a coiled pipe by applying the filtering technique approach to infrared temperature maps acquired on the outer tube’s wall. The data−processing procedure filters out the unwanted noise from the raw temperature data to enable the direct calculation of its Laplacian which is embedded in the formulation of the inverse heat conduction problem. The presented technique is experimentally verified using data that were acquired in the laminar flow regime that is frequently found in coiled−tube heat−exchanger applications. The estimated convective heat transfer coefficient distributions are substantially consistent with the available numerical results in the scientific literature.
Between 2000 and 2008 the Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for the Community action in the field of water policy had been the principal legal document relating to water policy of the European Union Member States. The adoption of Directive 2008/56/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of 17 June 2008 establishing a framework for community action in the field of marine environmental policy (Marine Strategy Framework Directive) broadened the scope of the EU law to include protection of themarine environment. This article also covers the implementation of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive within Polish legal system.
Land based sources make up 80% of all marine environment pollution.
The Directive’s aim is twofold: (1) to create uniform legal mechanism for the protection of the inland, coastal and transitional waters for entire Europe, and (2) to achieve environmental, social and economic goals.