@ARTICLE{Rząsa_Dariusz_Determination_2013, author={Rząsa, Dariusz and Duda, Piotr}, number={No 3 September}, journal={Archives of Thermodynamics}, pages={3-14}, howpublished={online}, year={2013}, publisher={The Committee of Thermodynamics and Combustion of the Polish Academy of Sciences and The Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery Polish Academy of Sciences}, abstract={Modern supercritical power plants operate at very high temperatures and pressures. Thus the construction elements are subjected to both high thermal and mechanical loads. As a result high stresses in those components are created. In order to operate safely, it is important to monitor stresses, especially during start-up and shut-down processes. The maximum stresses in the construction elements should not exceed the allowable stresses that are defined according to boiler regulations. It is important to find optimum operating parameters, that can assure safe heating and cooling processes. The optimum parameters define temperature and pressure histories that can keep the highest stresses within allowable limit and reduce operation time as much as possible. In this paper a new numerical method for determining optimum working fluid parameters is presented. In this method, properties of steel can be assumed as constant or temperature dependent. The constant value is taken usually at the average temperature of the operation cycle. For both cases optimal parameters are determined. Based on these parameters start-up operations for both cases are conducted. During entire processes stresses in the heated element are monitored. The results obtained are compared with German boiler regulations - Technische Regeln fur Dampfkessel 301.}, type={Artykuły / Articles}, title={Determination of allowable fluid temperature during start-up operation of outlet header under the assumption of constant and temperature-dependent material properties}, URL={http://www.czasopisma.pan.pl/Content/94415/PDF/01_paper.pdf}, doi={10.2478/aoter-2013-0012}, keywords={heat transfer, Optimization methods, Total stresses, Steam boilers}, }