@ARTICLE{Dziok_Tadeusz_The_2020,
 author={Dziok, Tadeusz and Penkała, Krystian},
 volume={vol. 23},
 number={No 3},
 journal={Polityka Energetyczna - Energy Policy Journal},
 pages={55-70},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2020},
 publisher={Instytut Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN},
 abstract={The expected demand for hard coal intended for the households will progressively be decreasing. This is directly related to the introduced anti-smog resolutions, as well as the growing level of environmental awareness. However, it should be noted, that the use of the modern home heating boilers will result in an increase in the demand for medium coal sizes. The shortfall of this type of coal is already observed on the market. Therefore, its import is necessary. One of the solutions to increase the supply of the medium coal sizes is the production of coal briquettes. Moreover, their use will consequently lead to reduced emissions. The paper presents a comparison of emissions from the combustion of coal briquettes and hard coal in home heating boilers. The briquettes were characterized by significantly lower emissions than hard coal (by 52% on average). The particulate matter emissions were lower by 70%. This may significantly contribute to improving air quality in Poland and in addition, limit the occurrence of smog. The possibility of further emission reduction by using low-emission fuels as briquette components was presented. The average relative emission reduction compared to hard coal for the analyzed fuels was estimated as follows: 62% for coal char, 57% for coke, 51% for charcoal/biocarbon, 49% for anthracite, 45% for torrefied biomass, and 33% for peat. Furthermore, the issue of the mercury content in the analyzed fuels was discussed. The lowest mercury content was found in biomass fuels, in particular biomass after thermal treatment (torrefied biomass, biocarbon, and charcoal). Fuels produced from hard coal in the pyrolysis process (coal char and coke) were characterized by very low mercury content as well.},
 type={Article},
 title={The possibility of reducing emissions from households by using coal briquettes},
 URL={http://www.czasopisma.pan.pl/Content/118052/PDF-MASTER/04-PE-03-Dziok-Penka%C5%82a.pdf},
 keywords={households, emissions, solid fuels, coal briquettes},
}