@ARTICLE{Khan_Jehangir_Proximate_2020,
 author={Khan, Jehangir and Asad, Muahammad Javaid and Mahmood, Raja Tahir and Wattoo, Feeroza Hamid and Zainab, Tayyaba and Nazir, Sidrah and Shah, Muhammad Basir and Ahmed, Dawood},
 volume={vol. 46},
 number={No 1},
 pages={3-13},
 journal={Archives of Environmental Protection},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2020},
 publisher={Polish Academy of Sciences},
 abstract={Ligninolytic enzymes are employed for the production of second-generation biofuel to minimize fuel crisis. Additionally, they play a crucial role in global carbon cycle and a variety of applications in food, agriculture, paper and textile industries. On a large scale production of ligninolytic enzymes, microorganisms can be cultured on lignocellulosic wastes. In the present study, proximate analysis including acid detergent lignin (ADL), acid detergent cellulose (ADC), acid detergent fi ber (ADF) and acid insoluble ash (AIA) were performed for Platanus orientalis (chinar), Bauhinia variegata (orchid tree), Pinus roxburghii (chir pine), wheat straw and wheat husk. Platanus orientalis was selected as substrate because of higher lignin contents for the production of ligninolytic enzymes by Aspergillus flavus. Solid State Fermentation was used and Response Surface Methodology was employed for optimizing various parameters and enzymes production. Maximum production was achieved at temperature 32°C, fermentation period 120 hours, pH 4.5, inoculums size 3.5 mL, substrate mesh size 80 mm, substrate size 7 g. Maximum purifi cation of laccase, manganese peroxidase (MnP) and lignin peroxidase (LiP) was achieved with 50%, 60% and 40% ammonium sulfate respectively and it was enhanced by gel filtration chromatography. Characterization of enzymes shows that Laccase has 35°C optimum temperature, 4.5 pH, 0.289 mM Km and 227.27 μM/ml Vmax. Manganese peroxidase has 30°C optimum temperature, 5.5 pH, 0.538 mM Km and 203.08 μM/ml Vmax. Lignin peroxidase has 30°C optimum temperature, 3 pH, 2 mM Km and 2000 µM/ml Vmax. Protein concentrations found in crude extracts and partially purified enzymes are respectively: laccase 1.78 and 0.71 mg/ml, MnP 1.59 and 0.68 mg/ml. LiP, 1.70 and 0.69 mg/ml.},
 type={Article},
 title={Proximate analysis of lignocellulosic biomass and its utilization for production, purification and characterization of ligninolytic enzymes by Aspergillus flavus},
 URL={http://www.czasopisma.pan.pl/Content/115786/PDF/Arch_vol46_pp3_13.pdf},
 doi={10.24425/aep.2020.132520},
 keywords={Aspergillus flavus, acid detergent lignin, ammonium sulfate, igninolytic enzymes, Platanus},
}