@ARTICLE{Żmudziński_Marek_«Iure_2018, author={Żmudziński, Marek}, volume={Tom 13}, pages={129-143}, journal={Studia Nauk Teologicznych PAN}, howpublished={online}, year={2018}, publisher={Polskia Akademia Nauk - Komitet Nauk Teologicznych}, abstract={The paper outlines the Catholic and the Evangelical standpoint on the primate’s function served by the Bishop of Rome and its origin. The controversy revolves around the key phrase, iure divino and iure humano, which points to the divine or human origin of the primacy. In the Catholic perspective, Jesus Christ brought the Church into existence and provided this institution with permanent structural elements: primacy and apostolate. This thesis, considered an imperative of faith, is based on the texts of the Gospel which underscore the primacy of Saint Peter the Apostle among the Twelve and in the early Church. According to the Catholic ecclesiology, it was not only a private privilege enjoyed by Peter but a permanent element of the structure of the Church, which received the formal status of a dogma at the First Vatican Council. From the outset, the Reformation has assumed that primacy is an element shaped in the course of the historical development of the Church. The ecumenical dialogue between Catholicism and Lutheranism led to the establishment of a standpoint veering towards the consideration of the origin of primacy as a matter of lesser consequence. This step was taken in order to underscore the communal dimension of the Church, with its important function in unifying Christianity and presenting it to the world. The basic premise giving credence to this function is its foundation in the Gospel.}, type={Artykuły / Articles}, title={«Iure divino» and «iure humano» of the papal primacy in the dialogue between catholicism and lutheranism}, URL={http://www.czasopisma.pan.pl/Content/104105/PDF/9.%20Zmudzinski.pdf}, doi={10.24425/119666}, keywords={primacy, ecumenism, unity, pope, Church, Reformation}, }