@ARTICLE{Gradoń_P._Application_2017,
 author={Gradoń, P. and Binczyk, F. and Cwajna, J.},
 volume={vol. 17},
 number={No 3},
 journal={Archives of Foundry Engineering},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2017},
 publisher={The Katowice Branch of the Polish Academy of Sciences},
 abstract={Paper presents the results of research on modified surface grain refinement method used in investment casting of hollow, thin-walled parts made of nickel based superalloys. In the current technology, the refining inoculant is applied to the surface of the wax pattern and then, it is transferred to the ceramic mould surface during dewaxing. Because of its chemical activity the inoculant may react with the liquid metal which can cause defects on the external surface of the cast part. The method proposed in the paper aims to reduce the risk of external surface defects by applying the grain refiner only to the ceramic core which shapes the internal surface of the hollow casting. In case of thin-walled parts the grain refinement effect is visible throughout the thickness of the walls. The method is meant to be used when internal surface finish is less important, like for example, aircraft engine turbine blades, where the hollowing of the cast is mainly used to lower the weight and aid in cooling during operation.},
 type={Artykuły / Articles},
 title={Application of Modified Cores for Grain Refinement in Castings of Aircraft Turbine Blades},
 URL={http://www.czasopisma.pan.pl/Content/102040/PDF/afe-2017-0083.pdf},
 doi={10.1515/afe-2017-0083},
 keywords={Innovative casting materials and technologies, Nickel alloy IN-713C, Surface modification, Turbine blades, Macrostructure},
}